Table 4.

Echocardiographic data for left ventricular diastolic function.

	C (n = 14)	C + DAPA (n = 14)	DM (n = 20)	DM + DAPA (n = 20)
E-wave (cm/s)	76.1 ± 7.75	71.5 ± 3.33	70.5 ± 6.29 *	72.8 ± 6.09
A-wave (cm/s)	46.4 ± 13.7	39.2 ± 6.58	48.5 ± 12.6	44.1 ± 11.9
E/A	1.70 (1.38–1.91)	1.75 (1.67–2.05)	1.48 (1.22–1.74)	1.71 (1.54–2.02)
IVRT (ms)	26.0 ± 2.72	28.5 ± 3.13	38.7 ± 5.67 *	31.1 ± 5.77 §
IVRT/R-R	52.4 (51.4–57.8)	59.4 (57.3–62.3)	80.9 (68.5–87.9) *	61.7 (56.4–66.9) §
EDT (ms)	52.0 ± 8.64	54.5 ± 7.20	54.8 ± 8.57	53.1 ± 7.84
Lateral TDI-E’	4.43 ± 0.65	4.16 ± 0.46	4.30 ± 0.66	4.19 ± 0.62
Septal TDI-E’	4.26 ± 0.69	4.13 ± 0.54	4.22 ± 0.66	4.31 ± 0.78
Average TDI-E’	4.33 (3.85–4.70)	4.10 (3.90–4.40)	4.53 (3.65–4.75)	4.45 (3.78–4.69)
Lateral TDI-A’	3.50 (2.80–4.90)	2.60 (2.30–3.60)	3.85 (3.10–4.30)	3.20 (2.85–3.93)
Septal TDI-A’	3.00 (2.70–4.20)	2.60 (2.10–3.40)	3.50 (2.90–4.60)	2.90 (2.80–4.35)
Average TDI-A’	3.35 (2.80–4.00)	3.20 (2.96–3.99)	3.63 (3.05–4.45)	3.20 (2.96–3.99)
E/average E’	17.7 ± 2.39	17.7 ± 1.57	16.7 ± 2.56	17.2 ± 2.33
Mean E’/average A’	1.29 ± 0.40	1.48 ± 0.42	1.20 ± 0.38	1.30 ± 0.35

Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median and 25th and 75th percentiles. C: control; C + DAPA: control treated with dapagliflozin; DM: diabetes mellitus; DM + DAPA: DM treated with dapagliflozin; E-wave: early diastolic mitral inflow velocity; A-wave: late diastolic mitral inflow velocity; IVRT: isovolumic relaxation time; EDT: E-wave deceleration time; TDI-E’: tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) of mitral annular early velocity (lateral, septal and average between lateral and septal wall velocity); TDI-A’: TDI of mitral annular late velocity (lateral, septal, and average between lateral and septal wall velocity). ANOVA for a 2 × 2 factorial design and Tukey or Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn; * p < 0.05 vs. C; ^§ p < 0.05 vs. DM.