Table 3.

Amla polyphenols and their biological effects beyond antioxidant activity.

Source	Main Active Compounds	Biological Effect	Ref.
Fruit	Gallic acid	Cardioprotective activity	[45]
Fruit	Ellagic acid	Antidiabetic activity	[46]
Fruit	Pyrogallol	Anticancer activity	[47]
Fruit	Emblicanin A and B	Anticancer activity	[48]
Fruit	Emblicanin A and B	Anti-inflammatory activity	[49]
Fruit	Emblicanin A and B	Neuroprotective activity	[50]
Fruit	Myricetin, gallic acid, and kaempferol	Cardioprotective activity	[19]
Fruit	Gallic acid, corilagin, and ellagic acid	Anti-inflammatory activity	[36]
Fruit	Emblicanin A and B, punigluconin, and pedunculagin	Cardioprotective activity	[51,52,53]
Fruit	Emblicanin A and B, punigluconin, and pedunculagin	Anti-inflammatory activity	[24]
Fruit	Emblicanin A and B, punigluconin and pedunculagin	Neuroprotective activity	[54]
Fruit	Gallic acid, chebulagic acid, geraniin, ellagic acid, and corilagin	Cardioprotective activity	[55]
Fruit	Quercetin, rutin, gallic acid, mucic acid, and beta-glucogallin	Anti-inflammatory activity	[56]
Fruit	Emblicanin A and B, punigluconin, pedunculagin, rutin, and gallic acid	Neuroprotective activity	[57,58]
Fruit	Tannins and gallic acid	Gastrointestinal protective activity	[59]
Fruit	Flavonoids	Antidiabetic activity	[60]
Fruit	Polyphenols	Gastrointestinal protective activity	[61,62,63,64]
Fruit	Polyphenols	Neuroprotective activity	[65]
Fruit	Polyphenols	Cardioprotective activity	[66]
Leaves	Gallic acid	Anticancer activity	[67]