Table 2.
Risk factors and diseases associated with oxidative stress, systemic inflammation and cardiovascular disease.
| Risk Factors and Diseases | |
|---|---|
| Genetic predisposition | nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphism |
| gene polymorphisms of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and aldosterone synthase genes | |
| single-nucleotide polymorphism of ATP2B1 (ATPase Plasma Membrane Ca2+ Transporting 1) familial hypercholesterolemia | |
| Perinatal factors | conception by assisted reproductive technology maternal hypercholesterolemia, obesity, metabolic syndrome placental insufficiency being small for gestational age preterm delivery formula-feeding |
| Environmental factors | lack of exercise |
| poor nutrition | |
| exposure to phthalates | |
| lower socioeconomic status | |
| Psycho-emotional factors | anxiety irritability predisposition to depressive reactions |
| Weight status | Underweight Overweight Obese |
| Immunosuppressive treatment | cyclosporine tacrolimus |
| Dialysis | |
| Hypovitaminosis | D and B12 |
| Hyperhomocysteinemia | |
| Kidney diseases | chronic kidney disease hydronephrosis glomerulonephritis pyelonephritis lower urinary tract infections |
| Arterial hypertension | essential and secondary |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | |
| Diabetes mellitus | type 1 and 2 |
| Metabolic syndrome |