Table 3.

Oxidative and inflammatory markers associated with cardiovascular disease.

Oxidative Stress Markers	Antioxidant System Markers	Adipokines and Other Systemic Inflammation Markers
Lipid peroxidation F2 isoprostanes malondialdehyde (MDA) thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) Protein oxidation Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPS) Carbohydrate oxidation Advanced glycosylation end-products (AGEs) Nucleic acid oxidation 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation myeloperoxidase (MPO) NADPH 1 oxidase (NOX2) Nitric oxide system (NOx) polyamines derived from arginine asymmetric dimethyloarginine (ADMA) nitrite and nitrate NO	Thiol/disulphide homeostasis glutathione (GSH) superoxide dismutase (SOD) catalase (CAT) glutathione peroxidase (GPx) carotenes (vitamin A) ascorbic acid (vitamin C) tocopherols (vitamins E) bilirubin ceruloplasmin Total antioxidant capacity (TAC)	Chemerin adiponectin leptin resistin visfatin adipomyokine irisin RANTES 2 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) stromal-derived factor (SDF-1) interleukins IL-1, -1β, -6, -10, -18 tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) plasminogen activator-inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) C-reactive protein (CRP) myeloperoxidase (MPO)

¹ NADPH, nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase. ² RANTES, Regulated upon Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Presumably Secreted.