Table 4.
The phenolic acid and flavonoid concentrations from BP (µg/g).
| Phenolic Compound | Sample | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P1 | P2 | P3 | P4 | P5 | |
| Phenolic Acids | |||||
| gallic acid | 0.015 | 0.087 | 0.157 | 0.075 | 2.310 |
| 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid | 0.254 | 0.401 | 0.454 | 0.209 | 0.549 |
| 4-hydroxybenzoic acid | 7.603 | 19.770 | 8.455 | 4.458 | 2.685 |
| chlorogenic acid | 0.733 | 2.441 | 6.481 | 46.939 | 0.275 |
| caffeic acid | 0.404 | 0.471 | 0.734 | 1.167 | 0.275 |
| syringic acid | 0.090 | ND | ND | ND | 0.325 |
| p-coumaric acid | 1.227 | 1.151 | 1.153 | 1.256 | 1.036 |
| ferulic acid | 2.978 | 2.894 | 0.961 | 1.271 | 1.199 |
| cinnamic acid # | 0.898 | 0.227 | 2.236 | 1.286 | 0.400 |
| Flavonoids | |||||
| epicatechin | 0.868 | 1.029 | 0.070 | 1.286 | 0.137 |
| catechin | 1.257 | 0.959 | 0.332 | 0.224 | 0.587 |
| rutin | 45.662 | 1.691 | 135.301 | 69.451 | ND |
| myricetin | 0.943 | 0.506 | 0.052 | 0.224 | 0.012 |
| quercetin | 3.577 | 1.639 | 3.214 | 7.883 | 5.981 |
| kaempferol | 2.155 | 1.308 | 7.337 | 8.676 | 26.472 |
| isorhamnetin | 3.502 | 0.558 | 12.141 | 5.086 | 40.220 |
| apigenin | 0.015 | 0.052 | 0.070 | 0.165 | 2.735 |
| pinocembrin | 0.644 | 2.197 | 0.559 | 1.227 | 0.412 |
| galangin | ND | 0.506 | 0.017 | 0.239 | 0.175 |
| chrysin | 0.464 | 1.970 | 0.384 | 0.853 | 0.387 |
ND (not detected) Naringenin, hesperidin, pinostrombin, and resveratrol were not detected in the bee pollen samples. # p-coumaric, ferulic, caffeic, and chlorogenic acids are derivatives of cinnamic acid (which does not contain phenolic groups), and for this reason it was still included in the table.