Table 3.

Examples of different types of the inappropriate empiric treatment of urinary tract infection.

Inappropriateness of UTI Empiric Treatment
Untreated condition	A 72-year-old male admitted to the JUH. The results of urine culture showed the presence of Klebsiella and Staphylococcus. The patient did not receive any intravenous antibiotics before the results of culture were available.
Incorrect antibacterial coverage	A-29-year-old female admitted to the JUH. The results of urine culture showed the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The patient received Cefazolin as an empiric antibiotic before the results of culture were available. The empiric antibiotic was not correct because of the lack of coverage.
Incorrect treatment (The identified pathogens were reported as resistant to the prescribed agents)	A 60-year-old female admitted to the JUH. The results of urine culture showed the presence of E. coli. The patient was given Ceftriaxone as an empiric antibiotic before results of culture were available. The empiric antibiotic was not correct because the identified pathogen was reported to be resistant to Ceftriaxone.
Inability to judge (Lack of susceptibility testing) Not performed at all o Not performed for this antibiotic	A 76-year-old male admitted to the JUH. The results of urine culture showed the presence of E. coli. Meropenem was given to the patient as an empiric antibiotic before results of culture were available. We could not conclude the appropriateness of the use of Meropenem since no sensitivity test was performed. A 67-year-old male admitted to the JUH. The results of urine culture showed the presence of Acinetobacter. Colistin was given to the patient as an empiric antibiotic before results of the culture were available. We could not conclude the appropriateness of the use of Colistin since no sensitivity test was performed for this particular antibiotic.
Correct treatment (The identified pathogens were reported as susceptible to the prescribed agent)	An 87-year-old female admitted to the JUH. The urine culture results showed the presence of Staphylococcus. Vancomycin was given to the patient as an empiric antibiotic before the culture results were available. Depending on the results of the sensitivity test, the use of this antibiotic is considered appropriate.