Table 2.
Energy and nutrient intake and dietary inflammation index (DII) according to dietary vitamin C (VC) intake status.
| Low Intake of VC (n = 36,198) |
High Intake of VC (n = 27,509) |
|
|---|---|---|
| Energy (EER%) | 86.70 ± 23.47 | 113.2 ± 35.08 *** |
| CHO (En%) | 73.22 ± 6.67 | 70.75 ± 7.14 *** |
| Protein (En%) | 12.54 ± 2.24 | 14.17 ± 2.63 *** |
| Fat (En%) | 12.58 ± 5.31 | 14.74 ± 5.31 *** |
| Saturated fat (En%) | 6.07 ± 0.028 | 7.84 ± 0.041 *** |
| Monounsaturated fat (En%) | 8.28 ± 0.031 | 9.68 ± 0.037 *** |
| Polyunsaturated fat (En%) | 4.43 ± 0.020 | 5.69 ± 0.023 *** |
| Cholesterol (mg/day) | 126.6 ± 89.77 | 210.6 ± 147.4 *** |
| Fiber (g/day) | 11.02 ± 4.92 | 20.97 ± 12.97 *** |
| Calcium (mg/day) | 321.2 ± 154.7 | 586.3 ± 282.6 *** |
| Sodium (mg/day) | 1890 ± 892 | 3326 ± 1612 *** |
| Vitamin C (mg/day) | 62.8 ± 22.6 | 162 ± 72.0 *** |
| Vitamin B1 (mg/day) | 0.814 ± 0.297 | 1.255 ± 0.519 *** |
| Vitamin A (μg/day) | 312.1 ± 154.4 | 678.8 ± 412.1 *** |
| Vitamin D (ug/day) | 5.70 ± 0.29 | 7.28 ± 0.33 ** |
| DII (scores) | −14.49 ± 0.08 | −26.85 ± 0.09 *** |
The values represent means ± standard deviations. EER, estimated energy requirement; CHO, carbohydrate; En%, percentage of energy intake. ** Significant differences from the low VC intake group at p < 0.01 and *** at p < 0.001.