Figure 3.

LC–MS untargeted metabolomics analysis reveals altered metabolites and metabolic pathways in the two paired comparisons of AD versus NTg and FS versus AD. (n = 6 mice) (a) The PCA score plots obtained in the NTg, AD and FS groups. (b) Volcano plot of metabolite alterations in the two paired comparisons: AD versus NTg and FS versus AD. Significantly different proteins (FDR < 0.05 and fold change >2) are colored red (upregulated) and blue (downregulated); others are colored gray. (c) Venn diagram with the number of differential metabolites in the two comparisons. (d) Clustering heatmap of shared differential metabolites in both comparison groups in AD vs. NTg and FS vs. AD. (e) Heatmap of normalized expression levels of metabolites involved in the process of phospholipid peroxidation. (f) Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of 50 shared differential metabolites. (g) The metabolic network of the significantly regulated metabolites and metabolic pathways.