Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
ROBINS-I for included non-randomized comparative studies.
| Bias Due to Confounding | Bias in Selection of Participants into the Study | Bias in Classification of Interventions | Bias Due to Deviations from Intended Interventions | Bias Due to Missing Data | Bias in Measurement of Outcomes | Bias in Selection of the Reported Results | Overall | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chen 2021 [7] | ||||||||
| Sakoda 2017 [10] | ||||||||
| Shinkawa 2019 [11] |
Low, Moderate, High.
