Demonstration of PAP curves. Imipenem concentration vs. growing colony number plots with different scale axes and with error bars for the imipenem susceptible and cfiA-negative B. fragilis NCTC 9342 (A–C) and for HR and cfiA-positive B. fragilis CZE60 (D–F). Direct plots (hyperbola-like curves, (A,D)), logarithmic IP concentration (saturation-like curves, (B,E)) and both axes logarithmic (classic PAP curves, (C,F)). (To be able to logarithmize zero concentration of imipenem, we used an 8-fold smaller value, such as 0.004 mg/L, instead of 0.032 mg/L). Comparison of the PAP curves of imipenem uninduced (solid line) and imipenem-induced (dashed line) B. fragilis 3130 (G).