Body weight and performance in the composite neuroscore test: (A) Body weight was slightly lower in the traumatic brain injury (TBI) group (red line) than in the sham group (dashed blue line) over the 180-day monitoring period (repeated-measures ANOVA: time effect p < 0.001, group effect p < 0.01, time x group effect p > 0.05). (B) The composite neuroscore test was performed before the first pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) test session. Although rats with TBI showed somatomotor recovery between D2 and D7 (p < 0.001, Wilcoxon), they did not reach the performance level of sham-operated experimental controls during the 3-week post-injury period (repeated-measures ANOVA: time effect p < 0.001, group effect p < 0.001, time x group effect p < 0.001). Data are shown as the mean ± standard deviation of the mean. Statistical significance: *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001 (Mann–Whitney U test compared with the sham group); #, p < 0.05; ##, p < 0.01; ###, p < 0.001 (Wilcoxon test compared with the baseline).