Table 1.
Metabolites identified and quantified by NMR in fresh and frozen sperm of turkey males at 32 weeks of age.
| Metabolite, 1H Chemical Shift (ppm) | Fresh | Frozen | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Water Extract | p-Value | ||
| Amino acids | mol % (n = 5) | mol % (n = 5) | |
| Ala (1.48) | 0.178 ± 0.007 a | 0.113 ± 0.007 b | 0.001 |
| Asp (2.83) | 0.239 ± 0.022 a | 0.221 ± 0.005 a | 0.466 |
| Gln (2.45) | 1.614 ± 0.314 a | 1.468 ± 0.197 a | 0.412 |
| Glu (2.07) | 66.547 ± 0.391 a | 66.956 ± 0.761 a | 0.725 |
| Gly (3.57) | 4.648 ± 0.043 a | 4.951 ± 0.073 b | 0.001 |
| Ile (1.02) | 0.015 ± 0.001 b | 0.009 ± 0.001 b | 0.009 |
| Leu (0.96) | 0.054 ± 0.003 a | 0.026 ± 0.001 b | 0.003 |
| Phe (7.43) | 0.022 ± 0.001 a | 0.017 ± 0.001 b | 0.030 |
| Tyr (6.92) | 0.048 ± 0.002 a | 0.020 ± 0.002 b | 0.001 |
| Val (0.99) | 0.038 ± 0.002 a | 0.019 ± 0.002 b | 0.002 |
| Organic acids | |||
| Acetate (1.93) | 0.486 ± 0.064 a | 0.353 ± 0.087 a | 0.403 |
| Citrate (2.57) | 0.089 ± 0.006 b | 0.125 ± 0.006 a | 0.039 |
| Formate (8.46) | 0.039 ± 0.003 a | 0.019 ± 0.004 b | 0.002 |
| Fumarate (6.53) | 0.032 ± 0.003 a | 0.040 ± 0.002 a | 0.072 |
| Lactate (1.33) | 1.362 ± 0.072 a | 0.884 ± 0.059 b | 0.001 |
| Other compounds | |||
| Ac-carnitine (3.20) | 0.037 ± 0.002 a | 0.045 ± 0.002 b | 0.006 |
| AMP (8.28) | 0.146 ± 0.007 a | 0.115 ± 0.008 b | 0.005 |
| Carnitine (3.24) | 0.080 ± 0.005 a | 0.037 ± 0.002 b | 0.002 |
| Creatine (3.94) | 1.828 ± 0.136 a | 1.431 ± 0.071 b | 0.028 |
| Glucose (3.26 and 5.25)* | 16.445 ± 0.437 a | 17.085 ± 0.592 a | 0.504 |
| Myo-inositol (3.65) | 6.054 ± 0.039 a | 6.067 ± 0.205 a | 0.949 |
| Lipid extract | |||
| mol % (n = 3) | mol % (n = 3) | ||
| CHO (0.74) | 9.587 ± 0.348 a | 6.944 ± 0.533 b | 0.036 |
| SFA | 38.001 ± 1.430 b | 43.088 ± 1.032 a | 0.006 |
| DUFA (2.81) | 4.200 ± 0.136 a | 3.857 ± 0.356 a | 0.293 |
| UFA (2.08) | 62.000 ± 1.430 a | 56.912 ± 1.032 b | 0.006 |
| PUFA (2.86) | 36.793 ± 0.561 a | 34.665 ± 0.633 b | 0.027 |
| PC (3.28) | 24.703 ± 0.760 a | 19.667 ± 0.612 a | 0.081 |
| PE (3.21) | 14.107 ± 0.152 a | 11.989 ± 0.611 a | 0.072 |
| SMN (5.76) | 6.990 ± 0.239 a | 6.200 ± 0.577 a | 0.167 |
a,b Different superscript letters within the same row indicate significant differences (p < 0.05). Abbreviations:Ac-carnitine: acylcarnitine; AMP: adenosine monophosphate; CHO: cholesterol; SFA: total content of saturated fatty acids; DUFA: diunsaturated fatty acids; UFA: total content of unsaturated fatty acids; PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acid; PC: phosphatidylcholine; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine; SMN: sphingomyelin.