. 2022 May 8;12(5):678. doi: 10.3390/biom12050678

Table 1.

Selected studies on the crucial role of ethylene in heat stress tolerance. ACC, 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid; ETH, ethephon.

S. No.	Plant	Ethylene Source/Concentration	Temperature Range	Response	Reference
1.	Agrostis stolonifera	100 µmol L⁻¹ ACC	35 °C	Increased activity of ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase and regulated thermotolerance	[110]
2.	Cynara cardunculus	30 µmol L⁻¹ ETH	30 °C	Improved seed germination, root growth, and seed vigor	[112]
3.	Lactuca sativa	10 μM ACC	35 °C	Improved seed germination performance	[111]
4.	Oryza sativa	10 μM ACC	45 °C	Decreased oxidative stress, upregulated antioxidant defense system, and reduced ion leakage	[107]
5.	Solanum lycopersicum	1 μL L⁻¹ ETH	50 °C	Promoted expression of ethylene-induced responsive genes and improved pollen quality	[47]
6.	Solanum lycopersicum	1 μL L⁻¹ ETH	50 °C	Alleviated oxidative stress and maintained redox homeostasis	[109]
7.	Oryza sativa	1.6 mM ETH	40 °C	Stimulated antioxidant defense system, improved carbohydrate metabolism, and increased photosynthetic and growth attributes	[20]