AD	Alzheimer’s disease
ALS	amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
APP	amyloid precursor protein
AQP4	aquaporin 4
α-syn	α-synuclein
BBB	blood–brain barrier
BMP	bone morphogenetic proteins
C3	third complement component
C9ORF72	Chromosome 9 Open Reading Frame 72
CBD CBF	corticobasal degeneration cerebral blood flow
CCL	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand
CNS	central nervous system
CTGF	connective tissue growth factors
CXCL	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand
DA	dopaminergic
DAT DLB	dopamine transporter dementia with Lewy bodies
EAE	autoimmune encephalomyelitis
ECM	extracellular matrix
EEG	electroencephalogram
GABA	γ-aminobutiryc acid
GDF	growth differentiation factors
GFAP	glial fibrillary acidic protein
HD HTT ICV	Huntington’s disease huntingtin intracerebroventricular
IFN	interferon
IL	interleukin
iPSC	induced pluripotent stem cell
LPS mHTT	Lipopolysaccharide mutant huntingtin
MPTP	1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
MS	multiple sclerosis
MSA mTOR	multiple system atrophy mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin
NFκB	nuclear factor kappa B
PAI-1	plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
PD	Parkinson’s disease
PSP ROS	progressive supranuclear palsy reactive oxygen species
SARA	Smad anchor for receptor activation
SBE	Smad binding element
scRNA-seq	single-cell RNA sequencing
SMAD	Sma- and Mad-related protein
SNpc	substantia nigra pars compacta
snRNA-seq	single-nucleus RNA sequencing
SOD1	superoxide dismutase type 1
STAT3	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
TBI	traumatic brain injury
TGF-β	transforming growth factor-β
TGFBR1	transforming growth factor-β receptor 1
TGFBR2	transforming growth factor-β receptor 2
TLR	toll-like receptor
TLE	temporal lobe epilepsy
TNF	tumor necrosis factor
TSP-1	thrombospondin-1