| Akt | Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases |
| ANGPTL4 | Angiopoietin-like 4 |
| AMPK | AMP-activated protein kinase |
| ATF6 | Activating transcription factor 6 |
| ATG5 | Autophagy-related protein 5 |
| BiP | Binding immunoglobulin protein |
| CCND2 | Cyclin D2 |
| CHOP | CAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein |
| eIF2α | Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α |
| eNOS | Endothelial nitric oxide synthase |
| ER | Endoplasmic reticulum |
| ERK1/2 | Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 |
| ER stress | Endoplasmic reticulum stress |
| GRP78 | Glucose regulatory protein 78 |
| HCC | Hepatocellular carcinoma |
| IRE1α | Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 α |
| JNK | c-Jun amino-terminal kinases |
| LC3B | Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B |
| LC3 II | LC3-phosphatidylethanolamine conjugate |
| MEK | Mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| mTOR | Mammalian target of rapamycin |
| NO | Nitric oxide |
| NOX2 | NADPH oxidase 2 |
| NOX4 | NADPH oxidase 4 |
| Nrf2 | Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 |
| OKL38 | Ovary kidney and liver protein 38 |
| OSGIN1 | Oxidative stress-induced growth inhibitor 1 |
| PARP | Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase |
| PERK | Protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase |
| PI3K | Phosphoinositide 3-kinases |
| PKCα | Protein kinase C-alpha |
| RNase | Ribonuclease |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| TNFα | Tumor necrosis factor alpha |
| TXNIP | Thioredoxin-interacting protein |