. 2022 May 2;11(5):699. doi: 10.3390/biology11050699

Table 5.

Cytotoxic activity of the hydroethanolic extracts of Cynara cardunculus L. var altilis blades collected at different growth stages.

Sample	Cytotoxic Activity (GI₅₀, µg/mL)
Sample	MCF-7	NCI-H460	HeLa	HepG2	PLP2
B1	30 ± 1 ^d	27 ± 2 ^g	24 ± 1 ^c	21 ± 2 ^de	61 ± 2 ^c
B2	24 ± 1 ^e	20.5 ± 0.9 ^h	23 ± 1 ^cd	25 ± 2 ^c	41 ± 1 ^e
B3	58 ± 4 ^b	53 ± 2 ^c	44.2 ± 0.4 ^b	36 ± 1 ^b	80 ± 3 ^b
B4	38 ± 3 ^c	47 ± 1 ^d	20 ± 2 ^de	23 ± 1 ^cd	51 ± 1 ^d
B5	42 ± 3 ^c	40.7 ± 1.5 ^e	16 ± 1 ^g	45 ± 4 ^a	52 ± 1 ^d
B6	24.5 ± 1.2 ^e	33.5 ± 1.0 ^f	20 ± 1 ^ef	15 ± 1 ^ef	41 ± 4 ^e
B7	87 ± 4 ^a	89 ± 8 ^a	9.3 ± 0.5 ^h	18 ± 2 ^e	95 ± 2 ^a
B8	8 ± 1 ^h	8.7 ± 0.4 ^j	10.0 ± 0.3 ^h	13 ± 1 ^fg	17.9 ± 1.5 ^h
B9	10.1 ± 0.3 ^h	40 ± 1 ^e	9 ± 1 ^h	11.1 ± 0.4 ^gh	42 ± 2 ^e
B10	16 ± 1 ^g	16 ± 1 ^hi	10 ± 1 ^h	16 ± 1 ^ef	24.1 ± 2.5 ^g
B11	7.1 ± 0.5 ^h	15.0 ± 0.4 ⁱ	11 ± 1 ^h	13 ± 1 ^fg	17.1 ± 1.5 ^h
B12	10 ± 1 ^h	10 ± 1 ^j	18 ± 2 ^fg	9.1 ± 0.4 ^h	21 ± 2 ^gh
B13	9.0 ± 0.8 ^h	12 ± 1 ^ij	9.0 ± 0.4 ^h	9 ± 1 ^h	17 ± 2 ^h
B14	19 ± 1 ^fg	15 ± 1 ⁱ	16 ± 1 ^g	16 ± 1 ^ef	30.5 ± 1.1 ^f
B15	22 ± 1 ^ef	26 ± 1 ^g	20.5 ± 1.5 ^de	17 ± 1 ^e	48 ± 2 ^d
B16	62 ± 1 ^b	76 ± 1 ^b	51 ± 3 ^a	38 ± 3 ^b	95 ± 2 ^a
Ellipticine	1.21 ± 0.02	0.9 ± 0.1	1.0 ± 0.1	1.10 ± 0.09	2.3 ± 0.2

Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. In each column, different letters correspond to significant differences (p < 0.05) between samples. GI₅₀ values correspond to the extract concentration responsible for 50% of cell growth inhibition.