Figure 4.

Combination of time and temperature effects on cell proliferation as illustrated by heatmaps for the calculation of ${\mathrm{IT}}_{50,\mathrm{HT}}$ and ${\mathrm{IC}}_{50,\mathrm{drug}}$ for thermal therapy (A) Heatmaps showing the relative cell viability in function of time and temperature were used to calculate $I{T}_{50,HT}$ for thermal therapy. ${\mathrm{IT}}_{50,\mathrm{HT}}$ values are shown for each of the cell lines at 6-, 12-, and 24 h. Heatmaps show that treatment duration increases the cytotoxic effect of thermal therapy observed by a lower ${\mathrm{IT}}_{50,\mathrm{HT}}$ (i.e., lower temperatures are needed to decrease cell viability by half of its maximal effect). (B,C): Dose curve response of BxPC-3 and Capan-2 to gemcitabine for 24 h.