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. 2022 Apr 30;12(5):658. doi: 10.3390/biom12050658

Figure 2.

Figure 2

LMW-HA and lung hyaluronasome. LMW-HAs promote lung hyper-inflammation through hyaladherin interactions (CD44, TLR2, and TLR4, RHAMM, and HARE/Stab-2) and increase the secretion of cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-β, and IL-6), chemokines (IL-8), ROS, or enzymes (NE and MMPs). LMW-HAs also have beneficial impacts on the airway epithelium by increasing the CBF and by modulating intercellular junction protein expression. The dual functions of LMW-HAs maintain/amplify the lung inflammation while participating in the protection of the epithelium. Created with BioRender.com.