. 2022 May 17;12(5):342. doi: 10.3390/bios12050342

Table 2.

Summary of targeted-delivery strategy based on overexpressed receptors in HCC mentioned in this review.

Receptors	Matching Ligands	Theranostic Agents	Delivery Vehicles	Ref.
AFP	Antibody	Gd ion, paclitaxel	Polymeric micelle	[43]
		USPION	Surface modified USPION	[44,45]
		Cy7 fluorescent dye, Fe₃O₄	Liposome	[46]
GPC-3	Peptide	Gd ion	WS₂-PEG	[47]
		FeSe₂	FeSe₂-PEG	[48]
		Fe₃O₄, Au, Cy5.5	Fe₃O₄ core/Au shell nanocomplex	[49]
		USPION	Surface modified USPION	[50]
	Aptamer	USPION	Surface modified USPION	[51]
	Antibody	Fe₃O₄	Semiconducting polymers	[52]
		SPION, sorafenib	Micelle	[53]
		SPION	Surface modified SPION	[54]
		PBNP	PBNP	[55]
Folate Receptor	Folic acid	SiRNA, SPION	Polymeric micelle	[56]
		Gd ion	Porphyrin metal-organic frameworks	[57]
		Gd ion	Phase transition nanodroplets	[58]
		Triptolide	Folate modified triptolide	[59]
		Fe₃O₄, arsenic trioxide	Mesoporous silica nanoparticles	[60]
		SPION, sorafenib	PLGA-PEG	[61]
		SiRNA, SPION	Amylose	[62]
		magneto-gold nanoparticle	Surface modified magneto-gold nanoparticle	[63]
		Magnetite nanoparticle	polydopamine-coated magnetite nanoparticles	[64]
		CuFeSe₂	CuFeSe₂-PEG	[65]
VEGF/VEGFR	Peptide	Gd ion	VEGF-Gd chelates	[66]
	Antibody	Gd ion	Polymeric nanoparticle	[67]
		SPION	Polymeric micelle	[68]
		Gd ion	Biotin-PLL-DTPA	[69]
		Sorafenib, Gd ion	Multiblock polymer	[70]
Integrin	Peptide	Gd ion	Peptide	[71]
		Fe₃O₄	Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles	[72,73]
		Gadolinium arsenate	Gadolinium arsenate nanoparticles	[74]
		SiRNA, SPION	Polymeric nanoparticle	[75]
		Fe₃O₄, doxorubicin	Polylysine dendrimer	[76]
		Gd ion, SPION	SPION nanoparticles	[77]
		NIRF probe, SPION	SPION nanoparticles	[78]
Endoglin	Aptamer	Cy5.5, Fe₃O₄	Magnetic-fluorescent endoglin aptamer nanoprobe	[79]
		Gd ion, NIR fluorophore	Dendrimer	[80]
		Fe₃O₄	Carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles	[81]
ASGP-R	Galactose	Fe₃O₄, NIRF probe	Lipid shell	[82]
	Lactobionic acid	Au nanoparticles, ICG, Gd (Ⅲ)-DOTA	Au nanoparticles @ polydopamine	[83]
		MicroRNA-99a	PLGA nanoparticles	[84]
		Manganese ferrite nanoparticle	Manganese ferrite nanoparticles	[85]
CD44	Hyaluronic acid	Au nanoparticles, Mn ion	Dendrimer	[86]
		Gd ion	Hyaluronic acid -DTPA-Gd	[87]
		Doxorubicin, SPION	Copolymers	[88]
	Antibody	Nd³⁺	Upconversion nanoparticle	[89]
CD90	Antibody	17-AAG, thermosensitive magnetoliposomes	Thermosensitive magnetoliposomes	[90]
CD90	Antibody	Fe₃O₄	Thermosensitive magnetoliposomes	[91]
EGFR	Peptide	USPION	Surface modified USPION	[92]
EGFR	Peptide	SPION	Chitosan oligosaccharide micelle	[93]
E-selectin	Salic acid	Reporter gene, SPION	Mesoporous polydopamine	[94]
E-selectin	Salic acid	Gd-CuS nanoparticle, Doxorubicin	Polymeric micelles	[95]

Abbreviations: AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; ASGP-R, asialoglycoprotein receptor; DTPA, diethylene triamine pentacetate acid; DOTA, 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N′,N,N′-tetraacetic acid; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; GPC-3, glypican-3; ICG, indocyanine green; NIRF, near-infrared fluorescence; PEG, polyethylene glycol; PLL, poly-l-lysine; PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid); PBNP, Prussian blue nanoparticle; SPION, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle; USPION, ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; 17-AAG, 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin.