Effects of gene silencing of β3-AR on expression and phosphorylation of C/EBP-α, PPAR-γ, STAT-3, and STAT-5 during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. (A) 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were stably transfected with 100 pM of control or β3-AR shRNA. Control or β3-AR shRNA-transfected cells were differentiated with an induction medium containing MDI, insulin, and FBS, and harvested at day 0 (D0), D2, D5, and D8, respectively. At each time point, whole-cell lysates were prepared and analyzed by immunoblot analysis with respective antibodies. Relative intensities were measured by ImageJ software (version 1.8.0; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). (B) 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were stably transfected with 100 pM of control or β3-AR shRNA. Control or β3-AR shRNA-transfected cells were differentiated with an induction medium containing MDI, insulin, and FBS, and harvested at day 0 (D0), D2, D5, and D8, respectively. At each time point, total cellular RNA was prepared and analyzed by real-time qPCR with respective primers. Error bars are indicated as mean ± SD. **** p < 0.0001; calculated by one-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple comparison test.