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. 2022 May 23;11(5):796. doi: 10.3390/biology11050796
5F-MDMB-PINACA Methyl 2-(1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate
AB-CHMINACA N-[(2S)-1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)indazole-3-carboxamide
ADB-CHMNACA N-(1-Amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxo-2-butanyl)-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide
CB1 Cannabinoid receptor type 1
CB2 Cannabinoid receptor type 2
DUID Driving under the influence of drugs
EMCDDA European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction
GC-IMS Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry
GC-MS/MS Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
HLM Human liver microsomes
HRMS High-resolution mass spectrometry
IA Immunoassays
LC-HRMS Liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry
LC-MS/MS Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
LC-QTOF-MS Liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry
LLE Liquid-liquid extraction
LLOQ Lower limit of quantification
LOD Limit of detection
LOI Limit of identification
MDMB-CHMICA Methyl (2S)-2-{[1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]formamido}-3,3-dimethylbutanoate
MEPS Semi-automated microextraction by packed sorbent
MS Mass spectrometry
MS/MS Tandem mass spectrometry
MTBE Methyl tertiary-butyl ether
NPS New psychoactive substances
OF Oral fluid
PRISMA Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis
QTOF Quadruple time of flight
SC/SCs Synthetic cannabinoid/synthetic cannabinoids
SLE Supported liquid extraction
SLE Supported liquid extraction
SPDE Solid-phase dispersive extraction
SPE Solid-phase extraction
THC Tetrahydrocannabinol
UHPLC-QTOF-MS Ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry