| 5F-MDMB-PINACA | Methyl 2-(1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate |
| AB-CHMINACA | N-[(2S)-1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)indazole-3-carboxamide |
| ADB-CHMNACA | N-(1-Amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxo-2-butanyl)-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide |
| CB1 | Cannabinoid receptor type 1 |
| CB2 | Cannabinoid receptor type 2 |
| DUID | Driving under the influence of drugs |
| EMCDDA | European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction |
| GC-IMS | Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry |
| GC-MS/MS | Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry |
| HLM | Human liver microsomes |
| HRMS | High-resolution mass spectrometry |
| IA | Immunoassays |
| LC-HRMS | Liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry |
| LC-MS/MS | Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry |
| LC-QTOF-MS | Liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry |
| LLE | Liquid-liquid extraction |
| LLOQ | Lower limit of quantification |
| LOD | Limit of detection |
| LOI | Limit of identification |
| MDMB-CHMICA | Methyl (2S)-2-{[1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]formamido}-3,3-dimethylbutanoate |
| MEPS | Semi-automated microextraction by packed sorbent |
| MS | Mass spectrometry |
| MS/MS | Tandem mass spectrometry |
| MTBE | Methyl tertiary-butyl ether |
| NPS | New psychoactive substances |
| OF | Oral fluid |
| PRISMA | Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis |
| QTOF | Quadruple time of flight |
| SC/SCs | Synthetic cannabinoid/synthetic cannabinoids |
| SLE | Supported liquid extraction |
| SLE | Supported liquid extraction |
| SPDE | Solid-phase dispersive extraction |
| SPE | Solid-phase extraction |
| THC | Tetrahydrocannabinol |
| UHPLC-QTOF-MS | Ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry |