Table 6.

Examples of peptide-functionalized nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery.

Carrier	Drug	Peptide	Target	Tumor Model	Ref.
Albumin/red cell membranes	Gefitinib	cRGD	αvβ3/αvβ5 integrins	Lung cancer (in vitro and in vivo)	[86]
Lipid nanoparticle	GNA002	cRGD-Arg6	αvβ3/αvβ5 integrins + cell penetration	Squamous cell Carcinoma-tongue (in vitro and in vivo)	[87]
Silk fibroin nanoparticle	Curcumin	cRGD	αvβ3/αvβ5 integrins	Different cell models (in vitro)	[88]
Liposome	Doxorubicin	cRGD	αvβ3/αvβ5 integrins	Colon cancer (in vitro and in vivo)	[89]
DSPE/PEG nanoparticle	TQs-PEG4	cRGD	αvβ3/αvβ5 integrins	Breast cancer (in vitro and in vivo)	[90]
Silver sulfide nanoparticle	Doxorubicin	cRGD	αvβ3/αvβ5 integrins	Breast cancer (in vitro and in vivo)	[91]
Gold-iron oxide nanoparticle	Multimodal	cRGD	αvβ3/αvβ5 integrins	Breast cancer (in vitro and in vivo)	[92]
Gallic acid/Fe3+ nanoparticle	Doxorubicin, multimodal	cRGD-Platinum prodrug	αvβ3/αvβ5 integrins	Glioblastoma (in vitro and in vivo)	[93]
DSPE nanoparticle	Siponimod	cRGD-PEG	αvβ3/αvβ5 integrins	Breast cancer (in vitro and in vivo)	[94]
PEG-lipid nanoparticle	Wee1 siRNA	cRGD-Arg8	αvβ3/αvβ5 integrins + cell penetration	Melanoma (in vitro and in vivo)	[95]
Chitosan nanoparticle	VEGF siRNA	cRGD-albumin	αvβ3/αvβ5 integrins + protective corona	Liver cancer (in vitro and in vivo)	[96]
PLGA nanoparticle	Paclitaxel	iRGD co-administration	αvβ3/αvβ5 integrins + internalization	Colorectal cancer (in vitro and in vivo)	[100]
Fe-metal organic framework	Sorafenib	iRGD co-administration	αvβ3/αvβ5 integrins + internalization	Liver cancer (in vitro and in vivo)	[101]
Polylysine nanoparticle	FGL-1 siRNA PD-L1 siRNA	iRGD co-administration	αvβ3/αvβ5 integrins + internalization	Lewis lung cancer (in vitro and in vivo)	[102]
Mesoporous silica nanoparticle	Doxorubicin	iRGD conjugate	αvβ3/αvβ5 integrins + internalization	Breast cancer (in vitro and in vivo)	[103]
Tetrahedral framework	Doxorubicin	iRGD conjugate	αvβ3/αvβ5 integrins + internalization	Breast cancer (in vitro and in vivo)	[104]
Polymersome	Doxorubicin	iRGD conjugate	αvβ3/αvβ5 integrins + internalization	Breast cancer (in vitro and in vivo)	[105]
DSPE-PEG nanoparticle	Ursolic acid prodrug	iRGD conjugate	αvβ3/αvβ5 integrins + internalization	Gastric cancer (in vitro and in vivo)	[106]
Lipid nanoparticle	CRM1 inhibitor	iRGD conjugate	αvβ3/αvβ5 integrins + internalization	Melanoma (in vitro and in vivo)	[107]
Lipid nanoparticle	Camptothecin Indocyanine green	iRGD conjugate	αvβ3/αvβ5 integrins + internalization	Liver carcinoma (in vitro and in vivo)	[108]
DSPE-PEG nanoparticle	Doxorubicin prodrug	iRGD conjugate	αvβ3/αvβ5 integrins + internalization	Prostate and breast cancer (in vitro)	[109]
Mesoporous silica nanoparticle	Paclitaxel	Angiopep-2	LRP1	Glioma (in vitro and in vivo)	[110]
Hyaluronic acid nanoparticle	Irinotecan	Angiopep-2	LRP1	Glioma (in vitro)	[111]
Caelyx®	Doxorubicin	Leptin peptide Lp31	Leptin receptor Ob-R	Colon cancer (in vitro and in vivo)	[112]
Multicomponent nanostructure	Cisplatin Alpelisib Indocyanine green	dYNH	EphA2	Lung cancer (in vitro and in vivo)	[113]
PEG-liposome	Docetaxel	AE147	uPAR	Breast cancer (in vitro and in vivo)	[114]
PEG-dendritic nanomicelle	Paclitaxel	(D-Lys)-LHRH	LHRH receptor	Breast cancer (in vitro and in vivo)	[115]
Prodrug-peptide nanoparticle	Doxorubicin	FRRG	Cathepsin B substrate	Breast cancer (in vitro and in vivo)	[116]
Branched polymer nanoparticle	AZD2281 Pyropheophorbide a	GFLG	Cathepsin B substrate	Breast cancer (in vitro and in vivo)	[117]
Caelyx®	Doxorubicin	CGKRK		Breast cancer (in vitro and in vivo)	[118]
Liposome	Curcumin Indocyanine green	GE11 (phage display)		Lung cancer (in vitro)	[119]
Polydopamine nanoparticle	Doxorubicin Phthalo- cyanine	QRH (phage display)		Breast cancer (in vitro and in vivo)	[120]
Polymersome	Doxorubicin	SP94 (phage display)	Cancer cell surface	Liver cancer (in vitro and in vivo)	[121]
DSPE-prodrug nanoparticle	Cisplatin Paclitaxel	Cyclic TMTP1 (bacterial display)	Cancer cell surface	Squamous cell carcinoma-uterus (in vitro and in vivo)	[122]
Graphene oxide-PEG nanoparticle	Doxorubicin	HN-1 (phage display)	Cancer cell surface	Squamous cell carcinoma-oral (in vitro and in vivo)	[123]
Liposome	Doxorubicin Sorafenib	LinTT-1 (phage display)	gC1qR M2 macrophages	Breast cancer (in vitro and in vivo)	[124]
Hyaluronic acid PEG-nanoparticle	miR125b	M2 peptide (phage display)	M2 macrophages	Pancreatic cancer (in vitro and in vivo)	[125]
PEG-prodrug nanoparticle	Irinotecan (SN38)	IELLQAR	E-selectin Endothelial cells	Colon cancer and melanoma (in vitro and in vivo)	[126]
Lipoprotein nanoparticle	Paclitaxel GANT61	tLyP-1	Neuropilin-1 Endothelial cells	Breast cancer (in vitro and in vivo)	[127]