Table 3.

MGCFA using fathers’ samples from the USA (n = 259), South Africa (n = 318), Nigeria (n = 328) and India (n = 277).

Model	Number of Parameters	χ2	df	p	χ2/df	CFI	TLI	RMSEA	Comparison	Decision
Configural invariance	1156	6565.03	2944	<0.001	2.229969	0.935	0.928	0.065 [0.062 0.067]	-	Accept
Metric invariance	1066	6773.402	3034	<0.001	2.232499	0.933	0.928	0.065 [0.063 0.067]
		−356.491	−90	(<0.001)		(0.002)	(<0.001)	(<0.001)	Configural vs. Metric	Accept
Scalar invariance	609	7389.172	3491	<0.001	2.116635	0.930	0.935	0.061 [0.060 0.063]
		−1105.5	−457	(<0.001)		(0.003)	(−0.007)	(−0.004)	Metric vs. Scalar	Accept
Residual variance invariance	486	7280.346	3614	<0.001	2.014484	0.935	0.941	0.059 [0.057 0.061]
		−370.087	−123	(<0.001)		(−0.005)	(−0.006)	(−0.002)	Scalar vs. Residual	Accept
Factor variance invariance	456	7297.206	3644	<0.001	2.002526	0.935	0.941	0.058 [0.056 0.060]
		−130.106	−30	(<0.001)		(<0.001)	(<0.001)	(−0.001)	Residual vs. Factor variance	Accept
Factor covariance invariance	324	6340.983	3776	<0.001	1.679286	0.954	0.96	0.048 [0.046 0.050]
		−317.873	−132	(<0.001)		(−0.019)	(−0.019)	(−0.010)	Factor variance vs. Factor covariance	Accept
Factor mean invariance	294	6758.992	3806	<0.001	1.775878	0.947	0.955	0.051 [0.049 0.053]
		−200.422	−30	(<0.001)		(0.007)	(0.005)	(0.003)	Factor covariance vs. Factor mean	Accept
Acceptance criteria for indices (differences)						>0.9	>0.9	<0.06
						(<0.01)	(<0.01)	(<0.015)