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The signal that induces P53 activation is its phosphorylation (+P) which is triggered by DNA breakage activation (ATM), stress activation (ATR), and oncogene activation (ARF). Phosphorylation stabilizes P53 and promotes DNA binding. DNA-bound P53 then recruits the transcriptional machinery to activate the transcription of P53 target genes able of inducing cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, senescence, and apoptosis.
