Table 2.
Kawasaki Disease (KD) | COVID-19 | |
---|---|---|
Etiology | Unknown (coronavirus may be one of the triggers of KD) | Human corona virus |
Symptoms | 5 major symptoms (fissure lips and/or strawberry tongue, bilateral non-purulent conjunctivitis, neck lymphadenopathy, limb induration, and polymorphic skin rash) | Upper respiratory tract symptoms (non-specific or even asymptomatic) |
Fever (>38 °C) | 100% | 60–70% |
Treatment | IVIG + aspirin (steroid for high-risk group) | Anti-IL6, hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, monoclonal antibodies, baricitinib, steroids, etc. |
Age | 85% < 5 years old | 2% < 19 years old |
Gender | Male > female, 1.5-fold | Male = female |
BCG vaccine | Scar induration | May play a protective role |
Abdominal pain | 35% [19] | 68% in MIS-C [20] 21% in COVID-19 |
Prevalence | Asia > Americas > Europe | Europe, Americas > Asia |
°C: centigrade (body temperature); IVIG: intravenous immunoglobulin; IL6: interleukin 6; BCG: Bacillus Calmette–Guérin; MIS-C: multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Five major symptoms (1–2–3–4–5) of Kawasaki disease: 1 mouth (fissure lips and/or strawberry tongue), 2 eyes (bilateral non-purulent conjunctivitis), 3 fingers to check neck lymph node enlargement (neck lymphadenopathy), 4 limbs (induration or desquamation), and 5 days of fever with a polymorphic skin rash.