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. 2022 May 20;11(10):1706. doi: 10.3390/cells11101706

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Exercise enhanced cardiac BCAA catabolism in mice. (A–C). Exercise increased grip strength (A), and treadmill performance (B,C) in mice. (D). Exercise increased circulating BCAA levels in mice. (E–G). Exercise decreased BCAA contents in hearts (E), skeletal muscles (F) and livers (G). (H–J). Exercise increased the activity of BCKD in hearts (H), skeletal muscles (I) and livers (J). (K). Exercise increased PP2Cm contents and decreased the phosphorylation levels of BCKDHA in hearts. (L). Exercise increased PP2Cm contents and decreased the phosphorylation levels of BCKDHA in livers. (M). Exercise increased PP2Cm contents, and decreased BCKDHA phosphorylation and BCKDK expression in skeletal muscles. (N). Exercise preconditioning increased the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in MI hearts at 4 weeks post-surgery. (O). Exercise preconditioning decreased cardiac fibrosis in MI hearts at 4 weeks post-surgery. The blue staining indicates collagen and fibrosis. (P). Exercise preconditioning increased cardiac PP2Cm content and decreased BCDHA phosphorylation in MI hearts at 4 weeks post-surgery (n = 4). Values are presented as mean ± SEM. n = 6. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.