Table 2.
Baseline characteristics in the training and validation datasets.
| Characteristic | Training Dataset | Validation Dataset | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| n = 139 | n = 60 | ||
| Patient demographics | |||
| Age (y) | 59.647 (9.263) | 58.617 (8.857) | 0.466 |
| Gender | 1.000 | ||
| Female | 18 | 8 | |
| Male | 121 | 52 | |
| Liver disease | 1.000 | ||
| Hepatitis B/C virus | 87 | 38 | |
| Absent | 52 | 22 | |
| Liver cirrhosis | 0.821 | ||
| Present | 47 | 22 | |
| Absent | 92 | 38 | |
| Ascites | 0.654 | ||
| Present | 16 | 9 | |
| Absent | 123 | 51 | |
| Surgical treatment | |||
| Major hepatectomy | 33 | 20 | 0.160 |
| Minor hepatectomy | 106 | 40 | |
| Laboratory factors | |||
| ALB (g/L) > 40, ≤40 | 103, 36 | 49, 11 | 0.331 |
| ALT (IU/L) > 50, ≤50 | 30, 109 | 14, 46 | 0.930 |
| AST (IU/L) > 40, ≤40 | 49, 90 | 18, 42 | 0.578 |
| TBIL (μmol/L) > 19, ≤19 | 50, 89 | 16, 44 | 0.265 |
| DBIL (μmol/L) > 3.4, ≤3.4 | 64, 75 | 25, 35 | 0.678 |
| GGT (IU/L) > 40, ≤40 | 52, 87 | 32, 28 | 0.287 |
| ALP (IU/L) > 125, ≤125 | 38, 101 | 13, 47 | 0.507 |
| CR (μmol/L) > 110, ≤110 | 2, 137 | 0, 60 | 0.873 |
| CEA (ng/mL) > 3.4, ≤3.4 | 42, 97 | 14, 46 | 0.412 |
| CA199(U/mL) > 37, ≤37 | 22, 117 | 8, 52 | 0.14 |
| PT (s) > 13, ≤13 | 4, 135 | 2, 58 | 1.000 |
| PLT (109/L) > 300, ≤300 | 5, 134 | 2, 58 | 1.000 |
| Child-Pugh grade A, B | 137,2 | 59, 1 | 1.000 |
| MRI features | |||
| Multifocality | 0.851 | ||
| Solitary | 115 | 51 | |
| Multiple | 24 | 9 | |
| L-max > 5, ≤5 | 53, 86 | 28, 32 | 0.333 |
| Tumor margin | 1.000 | ||
| Smooth | 31 | 14 | |
| Non-smooth | 108 | 46 | |
| Tumor-capsule | 0.785 | ||
| Present | 124 | 55 | |
| Absent | 15 | 5 | |
| Peritumoral enhancement | 1.000 | ||
| Present | 13 | 5 | |
| Absent | 126 | 55 | |
| Rim enhancement | 0.700 | ||
| Present | 23 | 12 | |
| Absent | 116 | 48 | |
| Intra-hemorrhage | 25, 114 | 8, 52 | 0.547 |
| Intra-necrosis | 41, 98 | 22, 38 | 0.4055 |
| TTPVI | 1.000 | ||
| Present | 70 | 30 | |
| Absent | 69 | 30 | |
| Histologic features | |||
| Histologic grade | 0.758 | ||
| Poorly | 31 | 11 | |
| Moderately | 103 | 46 | |
| Well | 5 | 3 | |
| Satellite nodules | 0.693 | ||
| Present | 115 | 51 | |
| Absent | 24 | 9 | |
| MVI | 0.477 | ||
| Present | 132 | 51 | |
| Absent | 17 | 9 | |
| Early recurrence | 0.547 | ||
| Present | 50 | 25 | |
| Absent | 89 | 35 |
ALT = Alanine aminotransferase, AST = Aspartate aminotransferase, ALB = Serum albumin, TBIL = Total bilirubin, DBIL = Direct bilirubin, CR = Creatinine, ALP = Alkaline phosphatase, GGT = γ-glutamyl transpeptadase, PLT = Platelet count, CA199 = Carbohydrate antigen199, CEA = Carcinoembryonic antigen, L-max = Maximum tumor length, TTPVI = Two-trait predictor of venous invasion, MVI = Microvascular invasion.