Table 2. Baseline characteristics of study participants.
| Characteristics | Control (n = 909) | Intervention (n = 879) |
|---|---|---|
| Health center catchment area | ||
| Boni | 200 (22.0) | 192 (21.8) |
| Dohoun | 95 (10.5) | 97 (11.0) |
| Dougoumato II | 172 (18.9) | 154 (17.5) |
| Karaba | 93 (10.2) | 94 (10.7) |
| Kari | 167 (18.4) | 164 (18.7) |
| Koumbia | 182 (20.0) | 178 (20.3) |
| Household level | ||
| Wealth index, 0 to 10 points | 4.51 ± 1.74 | 4.67 ± 1.75 |
| Household food insecuritya | 490 (53.9) | 488 (55.5) |
| Improved primary water sourceb | 565 (62.2) | 551 (62.7) |
| Improved sanitation facilityc | 539 (59.3) | 533 (60.6) |
| Household size | 6.19 ± 4.45 | 6.20 ± 4.21 |
| Polygamous households | 289 (31.8) | 287 (32.7) |
| Head of household | ||
| Age, years | 33.4 ± 9.16 | 33.8 ± 9.33 |
| Male | 906 (99.7) | 877 (99.8) |
| Completed primary education | 544 (59.8) | 519 (59.0) |
| Maternal | ||
| Age, years | 25.1 ± 6.20 | 25.0 ± 6.18 |
| Ethnic group | ||
| Bwaba | 521 (57.3) | 506 (57.6) |
| Mossi | 321 (35.3) | 303 (34.5) |
| Other | 67 (7.37) | 70 (7.96) |
| Religion | ||
| Muslim | 383 (42.1) | 372 (42.3) |
| Animist | 213 (23.4) | 200 (22.8) |
| Protestant | 147 (16.2) | 162 (18.4) |
| Catholic | 131 (14.4) | 115 (13.1) |
| No religion, no animist | 35 (3.85) | 30 (3.41) |
| Completed primary education | 385 (42.4) | 364 (41.4) |
| Weight, kg | 57.9 ± 8.65 | 58.4 ± 8.69 |
| Height, cmd | 162 ± 5.91d | 163 ± 6.05 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.0 ± 2.87 | 22.0 ± 2.87 |
| <18.5 kg/m2 | 64 (7.05) | 63 (7.17) |
| MUAC, mm | 262 ± 26.8 | 262 ± 26.4 |
| Subscapular skinfold, mm | 11.9 ± 5.47 | 12.1 ± 5.58 |
| Tricipital skinfold, mm | 11.8 ± 4.76 | 12.0 ± 4.86 |
| Hb, g/dl | 11.4 ± 1.47 | 11.3 ± 1.52 |
| Anemia (Hb <11g/dl) | 334 (36.7) | 340 (38.7) |
| Severe anemia (Hb <7g/dl) | 2 (0.22) | 2 (0.23) |
| GA, weeks | 11.4 ± 4.08 | 11.5 ± 4.04 |
| Trimester of gestation | ||
| First | 574 (63.1) | 545 (62.0) |
| Second | 335 (36.9) | 334 (38.0) |
| Parity | ||
| 0 | 198 (21.8) | 203 (23.1) |
| 1 to 2 | 326 (35.9) | 294 (33.4) |
| ≥3 | 385 (42.4) | 382 (43.5) |
Data are frequencies (%) or means ± SD.
aAssessed using FANTA/USAID’s Household Food Insecurity Access Scale [32].
bProtected well, borehole, pipe, or bottled water were considered improved water sources.
cFlush toilet connected to local sewage or septic tank or pit latrine with slab and/or ventilation were considered improved sanitation facilities.
dHeight of one woman with a physical disability could not be measured.
BMI, body mass index; GA, gestational age; Hb, hemoglobin; MUAC, mid-upper arm circumference; SD, standard deviation.