|
Management Commitment
|
| Safety policy |
A clear safety vision and objectives; Implementated by managers and workgroups; Workers’ knowledge and awareness on safety policy; Provision to establish procedures and control; and The number of policy reviews and updates.
|
[38,41,46,49,52] |
| Management leadership |
Inspiring and motivating through words and actions; Gaining trust through charisma and being exemplary; Having committed and competent management; and OSH issues are in top management meeting agendas
|
[38,41,46,49,52] |
| Visible management |
Active engagement and promotion; Providing assistance and support for improvement; Implementing workers suggestions; Identifying and monitoring worker’s deviations and errors; Informal interactions inside and outside the workplace; Emphasis on safety procedures and policies; Setting individual and company safety goals; Regular two-way communication; Safety walkthroughs by top managers; and Rating of management commitment in OSH management.
|
[41,43,45,46,48,52,53,55,60] |
| Core values |
Provision of adequate funds and resources; Procedures, training programmes, and competence selection; High priority for safety; and Budget spent on OSH improvement activities.
|
[39,42,43,48,53,55] |
|
Workers’ Involvement
|
| Encouraging involvement |
Leader engagement with workers; Workers’ understanding and commitment on values and goals; Sufficient budget allocation; Workers’ are recognized, valued, and rewarded; Open-door policy; Management take serious on OSH issues and suggestions; Having effective OSH committees; and Meetings commissioned on OSH issues.
|
[38,41,42,44,46,48,51,55,58,62] |
| Empowerment for safety |
Active participation in safety decision making; Shared responsibility and accountability with workers in making safety decision; Workers participate proactively in safety efforts and monitoring of the workplace; OSH improvements proposed by workers or their representatives; and Risk assessment activities conducted with workers’ involvement.
|
[38,39,48,53,55] |
| Worker consultation |
Workers’ perceptions towards OSH; Consulting on safety issues directly with workers; Collaboration and shared planning; Seeking information from workers; Support to ensure task objectives is achieved; Consultation in developing procedures; and Allowing workers to make suggestions for the improvement.
|
[45,48,53,58] |
| Removing barriers for involvement |
Improving policy regarding workers’ participation in safety; Equal status distinctions to all workers in giving input and information on safety; Providing timely feedback; Rating effectiveness involvement; and Allocation on OSH incentives and budget.
|
[38,45,48,55,58,62] |
|
Hazard Identification and Assessment
|
| Identifying existing hazards |
Addressing workers’ to all hazards associated with the workplace; Workers’ understanding on hazards and how to protect themselves; Integrating OSH in pre-work briefings on identified specific hazards and risks; Assessing hazards through job safety analysis; Consideration of ergonomic factors, reviewing designs, standards and regulations; and Identifying any risks before internal changes are made.
|
[41,55,61,62] |
| Workplace inspections |
Identifying hazards associated with work and production pressures which influence safety performance; Identifying hazards associated with psychosocial, physical or physiological factors; Verifying regular maintenance of all equipment; and Ensuring hazards are controlled and equipments are installed correctly and safe.
|
[53,59,61] |
| Accident investigation |
Identified hazard through reports of accidents and safety issues; Identifying root causes of the incident; Evaluating the quality of the frameworks, procedures, or interventions implemented; Adequate follow-up of reported unplanned events; Increase in the reporting rate; The quality of incident investigation and analysis; How lessons learned are communicated; and Measuring the ratio between accidents that occurred and near misses reported.
|
[41,44,50,59] |
| Hazard assessment |
Integrating risk management in the OSH management that includes risk assessments; Workers’ involvement in hazard assessments; Helping workers to perceive the risks associated with the job, the accident potential, physical hazards, and job safety; Assessing safety levels on human, organizational and environmental indicators; and informing workers of the results of risk assessments due to changes introduced.
|
[43,48,53,55,59] |
|
Hazard prevention and control
|
| Planning hazard controls |
Proactively improving OSH from the design phase; Integrating risk and OSH management; Response to human performance problems; and Planning for the job and task.
|
[41,53,57,61] |
| Implementing hazard controls |
Selective hiring based on fitness for the job; Implementing working procedures or interventions; Executing temporary control; Timely corrective actions, maintenance and checking false reports; and Numbers of controls implemented based on hierarchy.
|
[38,43,44,48,53,55,58,59] |
| Managing hazard controls |
The awareness of employees of current risk levels, controls, and conditions; Written OSH procedures and safe working; Assessing behaviour and human error; Equipment maintenance to safe standards; and The number of safety grievances addressed and resolved.
|
[39,43,48,51,55,58,61,62] |
| Verifying hazard controls |
Enforcing non-compliance; standardization of work procedures; Supplying workers with personal protective equipment, correct tools and equipment, using precisely installed equipment; and Reviewing and evaluating corrective actions.
|
[48,50,55,61,62] |
|
Training and education
|
| Management roles in training |
Training provisions that inspire positive attitudes and an energetic environment; Time allocation and planning for safety training; providing adequate safety training; Maintaining training records; Investing in workers’ training and knowledge; Managers participated in OSH courses; and Workers are trained on their duties and responsibilities.
|
[42,43,44,46,50,51,53,55,60] |
| Effectiveness of workers’ training |
The numbers of workers trained; Safety induction for new recruits and contractors; Improvement in qualifications through skills, competency, and knowledge; Continuous development with regular and refresher training; and Workers are trained for critical positions and qualified before commencing work.
|
[41,43,44,46,50,55,58,63] |
| Training on hazard identification and control |
The ability of workers to assess hazards and control measures in the workplace; Workers familiarization with procedures, standards, practices, and equipment; Adequate training for responses and anticipation to a variety of threats or emergencies; and Safety skills across multiple domains.
|
[39,42,46,48,58,60] |
| Safety awareness |
Workers level of awareness of hazards; Workers’ participation in safety OSH courses; Workers attitudes towards safety; Safety performance enhancement; and Workers awareness on their duties and responsibilities.
|
[38,42,45,46,55,61] |
|
Evaluation and improvement
|
| Performance evaluation of safety programmes |
The effectiveness of management targeted processes and programmes on safety goals; Safety standards compliance performance; OSH improvement goals in delivering results; Budget spent on plans, quality and effectiveness of OSH improvement; and Safety data collection.
|
[38,41,43,44,48,55] |
| Safety audits |
Structured process in gathering information on pre-determined protocols; Evaluate OSH programs and management systems; Validating workers competency to ensure the sustainability of preventative and control measures; Compliance on OSH regulations and standards; and Audit conducted by external, experienced and assertive auditors.
|
[38,43,49,50,55,56] |
| Identification of weaknesses |
Investigations to uncover causes of incidents and near misses; Investigations into nonconformities for corrective actions; Completion of corrective measures in due time; and Statistical reviews of occupational injuries.
|
[42,43,44,49,57,64] |
| Identification of opportunities |
Evaluating high-quality work to improve job security and role overload; Measuring the effectiveness and sustainability of OSH promotions and sharing lessons learned; Periodically reviewed and improved operational procedures and OSH instructions; Positive feedback and recognition for past performance given; Nonconformities investigated for the potential for improvement; and Assessments made for technological solutions available.
|
[38,41,43,45,48,49,53,55] |
|
Communication and coordination
|
| Management communication |
Regular communication and interaction on safety goals; Sharing safety information by two-way and open discussions; Information flow and dissemination on work management and actual practices; Quantification of the communicational capacity of workers; Communication through verbal instruction, brochures, emails, or bulletins; Communication and consultation through formal and informal; and External OSH informational materials distributed internally.
|
[38,39,43,46,48,53,55,62] |
| Safety reporting |
Applying scrutiny and transparency in reporting; Protection for workers reporting OSH issues or problems; The number of external OSH reports; Sharing information on accidents or near misses; and Communicating workers’ ideas and views on solutions for improving safety.
|
[49,50,53,55,61] |
| Supervisory communication |
Regular interactions and guidance; Supervisors trained on hazards; and Supervisors valuing safety as reflected in communication, encouragement, and consequences.
|
[42,46,59,61] |
| OSH coordination |
Pre-planning, planning and organization of work; Evalution of OSH risks during procurement; Managing contractor; monitoring contractor safety performance; and The quality of communication between the workgroup and stakeholders.
|
[41,44,50,59,62] |
