Table 3.

Poisonous activity of insecticidal triterpenoids of plants from five genera in Meliaceae.

Compound	Plant Source	Insect	Activity	Ref.
cipadesin	Cipadessa fruticosa Cipadessa baccifera	Spodoptera frugiperda	S50 = 7 days at 100 μg/mL	[51]
febrifugin	Cipadessa fruticosa Cipadessa baccifera Cipadessa cinerascens	Spodoptera frugiperda	S50 = 6 days at 100 μg/mL	[51]
ruageanin A	Cipadessa fruticosa	Atta sexdens rubropilosa	S50 = 6 days at 100 μg/mL	[51]
swietemahonolide	Cipadessa fruticosa	Atta sexdens rubropilosa	S50 = 8 days at 100 μg/mL	[51]
mexicanolide	Cipadessa fruticosa	Atta sexdens rubropilosa	S50 = 6 days at 100 μg/mL	[51]
cipadesin A	Cipadessa fruticosa Cipadessa baccifera Cipadessa cinerascens	Spodoptera frugiperda	MR: less than 40% at 50 mg/kg	[47]
febrifugin A	Cipadessa fruticosa	Spodoptera frugiperda	MR: 73.3% at 50 mg/kg	[47]
khayasin T	Cipadessa fruticosa Cipadessa baccifera	Spodoptera frugiperda	MR: 50% at 50 mg/kg	[47]
melianodiol	Guarea grandiflora Guarea kunthiana	Aedes aegypti	LC50 = 14.44 μg/mL LC90 = 17.54 μg/mL (24 h)	[20]
melianone	Guarea grandiflora	Reticulitermes speratus	MR: 95% at 100 μg/disc (30 days)	[41]
gedunin	Entandrophragma angolense Entandrophragma delevoyi Entandrophragma macrophyllum Guarea grandiflora Khaya grandifoliola	Spodoptera frugiperda	LM: LC50 = 39 μg/mL (30 days)	[5,77,78]
methyl angolensate	Entandrophragma angolense Entandrophragma macrophyllum Guarea thompsonii Khaya anthotheca Khaya senegalensis Khaya grandifoliola Khaya ivoremis	Spodoptera frugiperda	MR: 40% at 50 mg/kg (7 days)	[50]
7-deacetoxy-7-oxo -gedunin	Guarea grandiflora Guarea guidonia Carapa guianensis	Atta sexdens rubropilosa	S50 = 9 days at 100 μg/mL	[25]
anthothecol	Khaya anthotheca	Plutella xylostella	MR: 30–80% at 0.25–1 mg/mL (48 h)	[48]
		Myzus persicae	MR: 30%, 60% at 0.5, 1 mg/mL (48 h)
toosendanin	Melia azedarach Melia toosendan	Sitophilus oryzae	LC50 = 675 μg/mL (6 weeks)	[5,49,195]
		Cryptolestes ferrugineus	LC50 = 1875 μg/mL (6 weeks)
		Ostrinia furnacalis	Mortality: 58.33% at 0.4 μg (average 3.1 days)
		Spodoptera frugiperda	LC50 = 7.0 μg/mL
1,3-dicinnamoyl-11- hydroxymeliacarpin	Melia azedarach	Spodoptera littoralis	LC50 = 2.36 μg/mL (12 days)	[52]
1-cinnamoyl-3- methacryl-11-hydroxy-meliacarpin	Melia azedarach	Spodoptera littoralis	LC50 = 1.19 μg/mL (12 days)	[52]
1-cinnamoyl-3-acetyl-11-hydroxymeliacarpin	Melia azedarach	Spodoptera littoralis	LC50 = 0.48 μg/mL (12 days)	[52]
2’S-cipadesin A	Cipadessa baccifera	AChE	inhibitory activity (AChE) at 50 mM	[47]
granatumin E	Cipadessa baccifera	AChE	inhibitory activity (AChE) at 50 mM	[47]
3-O-detigloyl-3-O-isobutyrylfebrifugin A	Cipadessa baccifera	AChE	inhibitory activity (AChE) at 50 mM	[47]
cipadonoid B	Cipadessa baccifera Cipadessa cinerascens	insect nAChR	pI50 = 4.2	[47]
khayasin	Cipadessa baccifera	Brontispa longissima	LC50 = 7.28 μg/mL (24 h)	[53]

S₅₀: survival median; MR: mortality rate; LM: larval mortality; LC₅₀: median lethal concentration.