Table 2.

Cellulose-based materials for wound dressing.

Materials	Fabrication	Cellulose Source	Form	Study	Closure (%)	Time (days)	Bacteria	Efficiency	Ref.
BC–CTS	Immersing BC in chitosan followed by freeze-drying	Acetobacter xylinum	Membrane	In vivo	85	8	E. coli S. aureus	99.9%	[227]
Cellulose nanofibrils	Filtration technique	Birch pulp fibers	Membrane	In vitro In vivo Clinical studies		8–9	P. aeruginosa, S. aureus	None	[53]
Carboxylated CNF	1. Autoclaved using NaOH 2. TEMPO-mediated oxidation	Pinus radiata bleached kraft pulp fibers	Gels	In vitro In vivo		24 h		60%	[87]
SSD/BC	Impregnation of BC with SSD via ultrasonication	Commercial membrane	Membrane	In vitro			P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus	6.5 mm	[214]
BC	Cultured bacteria in Hestrin and Schramm (HS)	Acetobacter xylinum	Film	In vitro In vivo	90	24 h			[220]
T-GNF	1. Alkali treatment 2. TEMPO-mediated oxidation	Ginger fibers	Hydrogels	In vitro	67	72 h	E. coli, S. aureus	0	[221]
BACNF/QCR	1. Cation exchange 2. Freeze-drying	Brown algae	Sponge	In vitro In vivo	100	12 d		6 mm	[228]