TABLE 4.
CRISPR/Cas-targeted editing in plants against viruses, fungi, and bacteria.
| Type | Pathogen | Target plant | Target gene and its function | References |
| Virus | Rice Tungro Spherical Virus (RSTV) |
Oryza sativa L. japonica |
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G (elF4G). This is the host factor for the translation of RNA virus. | Macovei et al., 2018 |
| Virus | Turnip Mosaic Virus (TuMV) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (elF(iso)4E. This is the host factor for the translation of RNA virus. |
Pyott et al., 2016 |
| Virus | Cucumber Vein Yellowing Virus (CVYV), Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus (ZYMV), Papaya Ring Spot Mosaic Virus-W (PRSV-W). |
Cucumis sativus |
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (elF4E). This is the host factor for the translation of RNA virus. |
Chandrasekaran et al., 2016 |
| Virus | Bean Yellow Dwarf Virus (BeYDV) |
Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana |
Coat protein (CP), Replication Association protein (Rep), Intergeneric Region (IR). Carry our Rolling Cycle Amplification (RCA) mechanism. |
Ji et al., 2015 |
| Virus | Beet Severe Curly Top Virus (BSCTV) | Nicotiana benthamiana | Long Intergenic Region (LIR), Replication Association protein (Rep)/RepA. Carry our Rolling Cycle Amplification (RCA) mechanism. | Baltes et al., 2015 |
| Virus | Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV), Beet Curly Top Virus (BCTV), Merremia Mosaic Virus (MeMV) | Nicotiana benthamiana | Coat protein (CP), Replication Association protein (Rep), Intergeneric Region (IR). Carry our Rolling Cycle Amplification (RCA) mechanism. | Ali et al., 2015 |
| Virus | Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV), Merremia Mosaic Virus (MeMV), Cotton Leaf Curl Kokhran Virus (CLCuKoV) | Nicotiana benthamiana | Coat protein (CP), Replication Association protein (Rep), Intergeneric Region (IR). Carry our Rolling Cycle Amplification (RCA) mechanism. | Ali et al., 2015 |
| Virus | Turnip Mosaic Virus (TuMV) | Nicotiana benthamiana | Coat protein (CP), Green Fluorescent protein 1, Green Fluorescent Protein 2, Helper Component proteinase silencing suppressor (HC-Pro) | Aman et al., 2018 |
| Virus | Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV), Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV). | Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana | Open Reading Frame 1,2,3 (ORF 1,2,3), Coat protein (CP) and 3′ Untranslated Terminal Repeat (3′-UTR) | Zhang et al., 2018 |
| Fungi | Rice Blast Disease (Magnaporthe oryzae) | Oryza sativa L. japonica | Ethylene Responsive Factor (ERF922). Several stress responses implicate transcription factor | Wang F. et al., 2016 |
| Fungi | Rice Blast Disease (Magnaporthe oryzae) | Oryza sativa L. japonica | Exocyst Component Complex (SEC3A). This acts as the subunit of the exocyst complex in rice. | Ma et al., 2018 |
| Fungi | Powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici) | Triticum aestivum | Mildew-Resistant Locus-A1(MLO-A1). This susceptible gene is associated with disease formation. | Wang et al., 2014 |
| Fungi | Black Pod Disease (Phytophthora tropicalis) | Theobroma cacao | Non-expressor of pathogenesis-related3 (NPR3). Regulates the immune system. | Fister et al., 2018 |
| Fungi | Powdery Mildew (Oidium neolycopersici) | Solanum lycopersicon | Mildew-Resistant Locus1 (MLO1). Responsible for the vulnerability toward this disease. | Nekrasov et al., 2017 |
| Fungi | Powdery Mildew (Erysiphe necator) | Vitis vinifera | Mildew-Resistant Locus-7 (MLO-7). This susceptible gene is associated with disease formation. | Malnoy et al., 2016 |
| Fungi | Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) | Vitis vinifera | WRKY52. This transcription factor is associated with biotic stress response. | Wang et al., 2018 |
| Bacteria | Bacterial Blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) | Oryza sativa | SWEET13. This is the sucrose transporter gene. | Li et al., 2012; Zhou et al., 2015 |
| Bacteria | Fire blight (Erwinia amylovora) | Malus domestica | DspE-interacting proteins of Malus (DIPM-1, DIPM-2, DIPM-4) involved in fire blight disease as a susceptibility factor | Malnoy et al., 2016 |
| Bacteria | Citrus canker (Xanthomonas citri) | Citrus paradisi | Lateral Organ Boundaries (LOB1), gene promotes pathogen growth, pustule formation. | Jia et al., 2017 |
| Bacteria | Citrus canker (Xanthomonas citri) |
Citrus sinensis Osbeck
|
Lateral Organ Boundaries (LOB1), gene promotes pathogen growth, pustule formation | Peng et al., 2017 |