TABLE 2.
Model (1) | Model (2) | Model (3) | |
---|---|---|---|
Panel A – Black | |||
Total maternal and paternal transitions | 1.15** | ||
Total maternal transitions | 1.19* | ||
Total paternal transitions | 1.23* | ||
Mother present during first year | 1.17* | 1.16 | 1.23 |
Father present during first year | 0.61** | 0.66* | 0.59** |
Family structure at age 10 (ref: Mother and father) | |||
Mother only | 0.58** | 0.61* | 0.58** |
Father only | 1.28 | 1.37 | 1.32 |
Mother or father only, with grandparent(s) | 0.67 | 0.71 | 0.68 |
Other family structure (no mother or father) | 0.76 | 0.80 | 0.86 |
Mother died before child turned age 14 | 0.80 | 0.79 | 0.79 |
Father died before child turned age 14 | 0.78 | 0.79 | 0.77 |
Pseudo R-squared | 0.040 | 0.047 | 0.048 |
Panel B – Coloured | |||
Total maternal and paternal transitions | 1.17** | ||
Total maternal transitions | 1.29** | ||
Total paternal transitions | 1.24* | ||
Mother present during first year | 1.47 | 1.42 | 1.53 |
Father present during first year | 1.01 | 1.09 | 0.98 |
Family structure at age 10 (ref: Mother and father) | |||
Mother only | 1.60* | 1.72* | 1.56* |
Father only | 0.83 | 0.82 | 0.89 |
Mother or father only, with grandparent(s) | 1.02 | 1.07 | 1.01 |
Other family structure (no mother or father) | 1.01 | 0.99 | 1.15 |
Mother died before child turned age 14 | 2.04 | 2.00 | 2.15 |
Father died before child turned age 14 | 1.85* | 1.94* | 1.78* |
Pseudo R-squared | 0.061 | 0.064 | 0.062 |
Significant at p < 0.05;
p < 0.01;
p < 0.001.
NOTE: Controls for birthplace, maternal education, paternal education, maternal age at child’s birth, started school by and including 6 years old, number of full biological siblings, whether biological parents were ever married, whether respondent was the oldest at baseline, and whether outcome information was collected retrospectively.