TABLE 3.

Odds ratios from multinomial logistic models predicting school experience by age 17 among black and coloured males and females (reference: on track and enrolled in school) (black n = 2,150, coloured n = 1,994)

	Off track			Dropped out
	Model (1)	Model (2)	Model (3)	Model (1)	Model (2)	Model (3)
Panel A – Black
Total maternal and paternal transitions	0.98			1.04
Total maternal transitions		0.95			1.01
Total paternal transitions			1.03			1.12
Mother present during first year	1.38	1.40	1.38	1.08	1.03	1.03
Father present during first year	1.40*	1.40*	1.39*	1.10	1.20	1.15
Family structure at age 10 (ref: Mother and father)
Mother only	1.18	1.18	1.16	1.22	1.14	1.11
Father only	0.87	0.90	0.83	0.99	0.97	0.89
Mother or father only, with grandparent(s)	1.58	1.57*	1.54	1.21	1.14	1.11
Other family structure (no mother or father)	1.47	1.54*	1.44	1.04	1.00	0.97
Mother died before child turned age 14	1.17	0.84	0.85	2.82	2.79	2.87
Father died before child turned age 14	0.92	0.92	0.92	1.09	1.10	1.10
Pseudo R-squared	0.033	0.031	0.031	0.033	0.031	0.031
Panel B – Coloured
Total maternal and paternal transitions	1.21**			1.21*
Total maternal transitions		1.43**			1.49**
Total paternal transitions			1.28*			1.22*
Mother present during first year	1.24	1.20	1.30	1.11	1.19	1.17
Father present during first year	0.54*	0.59**	0.53*	0.56**	0.62*	0.55**
Family structure at age 10 (ref: Mother and father)
Mother only	0.94	1.12	0.93	1.44	1.62	1.43
Father only	0.76	0.68	0.86	1.39	1.37	1.58
Mother or father only, with grandparent(s)	1.12	1.27	1.13	1.33	1.45	1.34
Other family structure (no mother or father)	1.00	1.08	1.17	0.82	0.79	0.98
Mother died before child turned age 14	0.63	0.61	0.69	1.52	1.47	1.65
Father died before child turned age 14	1.54	1.69	1.28	1.71	1.87*	1.64
Pseudo R-squared	0.074	0.090	0.091	0.074	0.090	0.091

^*Significant at p < 0.05;

^**p < 0.01;

^***p < 0.001.

NOTE: Controls for birthplace, maternal education, paternal education, maternal age at child’s birth, started school by and including 6 years old, number of full biological siblings, whether biological parents were ever married, whether respondent was the oldest at baseline, and whether outcome information was collected retrospectively.