Table 3.
Changes reported during the COVID-19 outbreak and prevalence of high stress, insomnia, anxiety, and depression during the four pandemic waves.
| Reported Effect | Baseline | 2nd Survey | 3rd Survey | 4th Survey | X2 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | p | |
| Increased/greatly increased workload | 77 | 50.0 | 83 | 83.0 | 98 | 84.5 | 86 | 81.5 | 0.000 |
| The work became more repetitive and monotonous | 51 | 33.1 | 36 | 36.0 | 53 | 45.7 | 40 | 42.1 | 0.352 |
| More frequent need to inform of the death of a relative | 61 | 39.6 | 65 | 65.0 | 81 | 69.8 | 67 | 70.5 | 0.000 |
| Isolation at work | 42 | 42.0 | 47 | 40.5 | 30 | 31,6 | 0.686 | ||
| Isolation in daily life | 81 | 81.0 | 78 | 67.2 | 47 | 49.5 | 0.001 | ||
| Time for physical exercise was shorter/much shorter | 117 | 76.0 | 80 | 80.0 | 92 | 79.3 | 71 | 74.7 | 0.486 |
| Time for meditation was shorter/much shorter | 72 | 46.8 | 65 | 65.0 | 74 | 63.8 | 55 | 57.9 | 0.100 |
| Distressed (effort/reward weighted ratio > 1) | 117 | 76.0 | 80 | 80.0 | 83 | 72.8 | 72 | 75.8 | 0.678 |
| Insomniac (SCI08 score ≤ 16; SCI02 score ≤ 4) | 63 | 40.9 | 33 | 33.0 | 32 | 28.1 | 23 | 24.2 | 0.030 |
| Anxious (GADS anxiety score ≥ 5) | 40 | 26.0 | 31 | 31.0 | 29 | 25.4 | 18 | 18.9 | 0.289 |
| Depressed (GADS depression score ≥ 2) | 75 | 48.7 | 63 | 63.0 | 73 | 64.0 | 56 | 58.9 | 0.042 |
SCI08 = Sleep Condition Indicator, used in the baseline survey; SCI02 = Sleep Condition Indicator, short form, two items; used in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th survey; GADS = Goldberg anxiety and depression scale.