Figure 9.

The Effects of Medication Use. Medication use at the time of MRI scanning was associated predominantly with inward deformations of the head, body, and tail of the hippocampus and of the lateral amygdala. None of the locations where we detected significant effects of medication were in locations where we detected significant effects of risk group or lifetime MDD, suggesting that our findings for risk group and lifetime MDD are likely independent of the effects of medication. We included only HR participants (N = 77) in this analysis, as only 6 LR participants were currently taking psychotropic medication. Covariates included age, age², and sex. Findings were identical when including Lifetime MDD as a covariate. Of the 77 HR participants, 46 had lifetime MDD, 32 had no history of MDD, 20 were currently taking psychotropic medication, and 57 were not taking medication at the time of MRI scanning.