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. 2022 May 12;12(5):1218. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics12051218

Table 3.

Adjusting for the Non-Independence of Data on Group Differences.

Adjusted Beta (Risk Group) p-Value Adjusted Beta (Risk-by-Sex) p-Value
Unadjusted for Familial Correlations −0.59 0.006 −0.02 0.95
Corrected with GEE −0.567 0.002 −0.006 0.98
Corrected with Mixed Model −0.3 0.0057 0.003 0.94

The identified voxel was located on the dorsal aspect of the left hippocampal head. GEE = Generalized Estimating Equations; Mixed Model = linear mixed effects model. The findings indicate that familial relatedness did not substantially alter the main effect of risk or the interaction of risk-by-sex on surface distances.