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Viable counts on agar plates at various locations, following 10 min of scaling. Results show colony forming units (CFUs) at eHVE distances of (A) 10 cm and (B) 20 cm relative to the mouth. Results are shown as means ± standard deviation (SD). * p < 0.05. DM: doctor’s mask; DC: doctor’s chest area; PC: patient’s chest area; AA: assistant area; BT: bracket table; NR: no rinsing; DW: distilled water; PI: povidone-iodine; EO: essential oil.
