Table 1.
Sociodemographic and other characteristics of the respondents (n = 1290).
| Variables | n | % |
|---|---|---|
| Age (total sample) a | 14.48 | 1.259 |
| Gender | ||
| Female | 905 | 70.2 |
| Male | 385 | 29.8 |
| Type of school | ||
| National Secondary School (Daily) | 336 | 26 |
| Full Boarding School (SBP) | 623 | 48.3 |
| Religions Secondary Schools (SMKA) and Government Aid Religious School (SABK) | 331 | 25.7 |
| School locality | ||
| Rural | 679 | 52.6 |
| Urban | 611 | 47.4 |
| Form | ||
| Form 1 | 369 | 28.6 |
| Form 2 | 429 | 33.3 |
| Form 4 | 492 | 38.1 |
| Race | ||
| Malay | 1229 | 95.3 |
| Chinese | 50 | 3.9 |
| Others b | 11 | 0.8 |
| Religion | ||
| Islam | 1234 | 95.7 |
| Buddha | 44 | 3.4 |
| Others c | 12 | 0.9 |
| Parental marital status | ||
| Married and living together | 1136 | 88.1 |
| Married but not living together (Working elsewhere) | 28 | 2.2 |
| Divorced | 57 | 4.4 |
| Widow (Father or mother who has passed away) | 46 | 3.6 |
| Separated (Parents not living together) | 11 | 0.9 |
| Do not know | 12 | 0.9 |
| Household income | ||
| Less than RM 4850 (B40) | 673 | 52.2 |
| RM 4850—RM 10,959 (M40) | 458 | 35.5 |
| More than RM 10,959 (T20) | 159 | 12.3 |
| Perceived social support from family members | ||
| Yes | 1155 | 89.5 |
| No | 135 | 10.5 |
| Perceived social support from friends | ||
| Yes | 1150 | 89.1 |
| No | 140 | 10.9 |
| Having social media account | ||
| Yes | 1185 | 91.9 |
| No | 105 | 8.1 |
| Duration of internet use | ||
| 1 h per day | 28 | 2.2 |
| 2–3 h per day | 216 | 16.7 |
| More than 3 h per day | 1046 | 81.1 |
| History of abuse (physical/mental/sexual) | ||
| Yes | 202 | 15.7 |
| No | 1088 | 84.3 |
| Perceived having academic pressure | ||
| Yes | 962 | 74.6 |
| No | 328 | 25.4 |
| Perceived having happy family | ||
| Yes | 1191 | 92.3 |
| No | 99 | 7.7 |
| Parents engage in fighting in front of adolescents | ||
| Yes | 157 | 12.2 |
| No | 1133 | 87.8 |
| History of chronic illness | ||
| Yes | 56 | 4.3 |
| No | 1234 | 95.7 |
| History of mental illness | ||
| Yes | 30 | 2.3 |
| No | 1260 | 97.7 |
| History of substance abuse | ||
| Yes | 8 | 0.6 |
| No | 1282 | 99.4 |
| Depression status | ||
| Yes | 422 | 32.7 |
| No | 868 | 67.3 |
a Age presented in mean and standard deviation; b Other races (Indian, Bumiputera Sabah, Bumiputera Sarawak, Kelabit); c Other religion (Christian, Hindu, none). Note: due to rounding, percentages do not always add up to 100.