Table 3.
Piecewise constant exponential models for EMDER policy adoption by provincial governments in China.
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (se) | β (se) | β (se) | β (se) | β (se) | |
| Central policy signal | 4.11 (1.16) *** | 2.08 (1.25) | 2.36 (1.61) | 0.22 (1.31) | |
| City adoption | −7.84 (2.96) ** | −8.26 (2.62) ** | |||
| Neighboring adoption | 6.37 (3.32) * | 7.86 (2.92) * | |||
| Issue salience | 11.69 (5.78) * | 9.50 (5.90) | 7.61 (5.80) | 11.15 (5.87) | 8.31 (5.69) |
| Financial dependency | 12.38 (2.28) *** | 6.20 (2.69) * | 7.47 (2.50) ** | 5.33 (2.77) * | 5.58 (2.49) * |
| Population aging | 53.91 (26.27) * | 25.98 (20.98) | 42.65 (21.68) * | 21.55 (18.93) | 44.32 (18.51) * |
| Consumption level | 0.0003 (0.00004) *** | 0.0002 (0.00005) ** | 0.0003 (0.00006) *** | 0.0001 (0.00005) * | 0.00002 (0.00005) *** |
| _cons | −24.52 (3.04) *** | −17.06 (3.03) *** | −20.53 (3.07) *** | −15.94 (3.01) *** | −19.21 (2.75) *** |
| N | 280 | 280 | 280 | 280 | 280 |
| Log-likelihood | 35.46 | 41.36 | 45.33 | 43.26 | 48.85 |
| LR chi-squared | 119.68 | 131.49 | 139.42 | 135.28 | 146.46 |
The convention is *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.05, and * p < 0.10.