Table 3.
Effects of stir-frying on the removal of pesticide residues from the Chinese kale samples.
| Pesticides | Pesticide Residues Found (ppb) | % Removal | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control (Uncooked) | Stir-Fried | ||
| Carbamate | |||
| Carbofuran | 10.6 ± 2.0 | 8.0 ± 1.4 * | 25 |
| Fenobucarb | 2862 ± 507 | 2123 ± 367 * | 26 |
| Indoxacarb | 95 ± 16 | 62 ± 12 ** | 35 |
| Organophosphates | |||
| Chlorpyrifos | 1524 ± 149 | 1049 ± 181 ** | 31 |
| Diazinon | 2638 ± 373 | 1530 ± 311 *** | 42 |
| Profenofos | 6071 ± 750 | 3635 ± 728 *** | 40 |
| Pyrethroids | |||
| λ-Cyhalothrin | 91 ± 16 | 36 ± 7 *** | 60 |
| Cypermethrin | 212 ± 29 | 154 ± 31 ** | 28 |
| Deltamethrin | 342 ± 66 | 178 ± 32 ** | 48 |
| Fenvalerate | 35 ± 6 | 25 ± 5 ** | 30 |
| Flumethrin | 168 ± 30 | 345 ± 80 | −105 |
| Other | |||
| Alachlor | 9.7 ± 2.0 | 4.8 ± 1.0 *** | 51 |
| Flutolanil | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.1 *** | 51 |
| Mefenacet | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 32 |
| Mepronil | 285 ± 41 | 254 ± 51 | 11 |
| Metalaxyl | 1379 ± 222 | 939 ± 19 ** | 32 |
The results are given as mean ± standard deviation (SD), n = 8 each. * Significantly different from the control (uncooked) group, p < 0.05. ** Significantly different from the control (uncooked) group, p < 0.01. *** Significantly different from the control (uncooked) group, p < 0.001.