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Effect of pioglitazone on impaired memory of mice with neuroinflammation related with diabetes. The bar height represents the mean ± SD for individual experimental groups: CTL: non-diabetic mice, DM: diabetic mice, DM-Pio: pioglitazone-treated mice [30 mg/kg, po]. One-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s post hoc test was used. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01 in comparison with control group. ## p < 0.01; ### p < 0.001 in comparison with diabetes group.
