Table 2.
Summary of the cohort studies.
| Author and Year | Title | Location | N | Age | Sex (%Female) | Research Purpose | Study Design (Method) | Outcome Variables | Intervention Duration | Intervention-on Frequency/ Intensity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fu (2011) [30] | Effects of physical dance on lower limb muscle strength and bone mineral density in older men | China, Shanghai | 45 | 68.4 | 0% | To research and discuss the effects of sport dance on lower limb strength and bone mineral density (BMD) in the older male adults and present experimental and theoretical evidence for exercise prevention on lower limb exercise function degeneration as well as exercise prevention and treatment of senile osteoporosis. | Cohort study | Functional fitness | N/A | N/A |
| Li (2015) [36] | Effects of tai chi and square dance exercise on auditory event-related potentials P300 in the elderly | Zhengzhou, China | 30 | 63 | N/A | To study and compare the differences in the effects of square dance and Tai chi on auditory event-related potentials and the effects of different forms of exercise on human cognitive ability. | Cohort study | Cognitive function | >3 years | N/A |
| Liang (2016) [48] | A study on the effect of long-term different exercises on the static balance ability of the elderly | China, Shanghai | 173 | 65 | 67% | To compare the differences in effect of 24 forms of simplified taijiquan, Yi Jin Jing and square dance on the indicators of static balance. | Cohort study | Balance ability | N/A | 2–3 times/week; 90 min/session |
| Liu (2009) [32] | Comparative analysis of participation in taijiquan, ballroom dancing, and walking on static balance ability of older women | China, Hebei | 172 | 66.51 Non exercise group: 67.35 ± 6.58 | 100% | To compare the differences between the static balance ability of older women who regularly participated in tai chi, ballroom dancing, and brisk walking with those who do not. | Cohort study | Balance ability | >1 year | 3 times/week; 60 min/session |
| Liu et al. (2016) [35] | Wang, R.; Effects of different exercise programs on the cognitive abilities of older adults | Shanghai, China | 262 | 63.5 | N/A | To study the effects of different sports (including square dance) on cognitive ability of senior people. | Cohort study | Cognitive ability | >3 years | 5 times/week; 60 min/session |
| Luan (2016) [46] | A study of the effects of different forms of fitness on the physical health of the elderly | China, Harbin | 200 | 65 | 50% | To analyze the influence of four different exercises (including square dance) on the physical health of older adults and provide the basis for further study of older adults’ fitness theory. | Cohort study | Functional fitness | N/A | N/A |
| Sun & Wang (2020) [38] | The effects of square dance exercise on physical health and psychoemotional well-being of older adults. | China | 80 | 60.87 | 70% | To study the influence of square dancing on the physical health and mental mood of older adults. | Cohort study | Functional fitness | 3 months | 3 times/week; 60 min/session |
| Sun (2017) [43] | A comparative study of the effects of different exercise programs on the health fitness of older adults | China, Nanning | N/A | 65 | N/A | To explore the effects of various sports (including square dance) on human health fitness. | Cohort study | Functional fitness | N/A | N/A |
| Wang (2009) [44] | A differential study on the effects of different types of leisure activities on physical function of older women | China, Chengdu | 271 | 69 | 100% | To explore the effects of different types of leisure activities (including square dance) on the physical function of older adults. | Cohort study | Functional fitness | N/A | N/A |
| Wang (2014) [45] | A study on the effects of tai chi and fitness dance on the physical health of middle-aged and elderly women | China, Dalian | 30 | 60.3 | 100% | To analyze the effects of different types of aerobic fitness exercises on the physical health of older adult women who usually have long-term regular adherence to tai chi or fitness dance exercises and those who do not have regular exercise habits. | Cohort study | Functional fitness | N/A | N/A |
| Zhou (2017) [46] | The effects of square dance and fitness walking exercise on functional fitness in older adults | China, Nanjing | 207 | 64.8 | 77% | To investigate the effects of square dance and fitness walking on functional fitness of older adults. | Cohort study | Functional fitness | >1 year | 3 times/week; 60 min/session |