Table 2.

Citations and their conceptualization of PIL.

No.	Study ID	Health and Well-Being	Meaningful Aims and Goals	Inner Strength	Social Relationships	Mattering to Others	Spirituality and Religiousness
1	Gerwood et al. (1998) [40]						√
2	Bondevik and Skogstad (2000) [41]	√	√	√	√		√
3	Greenfield and Marks (2004) [42]		√		√
4	Frazier et al. (2005) [43]		√	√	√		√
5	Nygren (2005) [44]	√		√		√
6	Cicirelli (2006) [45]	√
7	Dixon (2007) [46]	√		√	√	√
8	Triado et al. (2007) [47]	√	√
9	Moon and Mikami (2007) [48]	√
10	Hedberg et al. (2009) [50]		√		√		√
11	Krause (2009) [51]	√	√		√
12	Ferguson and Goodwin (2010) [52]	√		√
13	Hedberg et al. (2010a) [53]	√	√
14	Hedberg et al. (2010b) [54]	√	√		√
15	Hedberg et al. (2011) [55]	√	√		√
16	Lundman et al. (2012) [56]	√		√
17	Hedberg et al. (2013) [57]	√	√	√	√	√
18	Wilson et al. (2013) [58]	√	√
19	Pearson et al. (2013) [59]		√
20	Zaslavsky et al. (2014) [26]	√	√	√
21	Windsor et al. (2015) [60]	√	√	√
22	Tomioka et al. (2016) [61]	√
23	Woods et al. (2016) [62]	√
24	Sano (2016) [63]		√		√
25	Cook Maher et al. (2017) [64]				√
26	Vanhove-Meriaux and Claude (2018) [65]	√	√	√	√
27	Musich et al. (2018) [66]	√		√	√
28	Polenick et al. (2018) [68]	√	√
29	Kim et al. (2019) [22]	√
30	Oliveira et al. (2019) [69]	√			√
31	Poulos et al. (2019) [70]	√	√	√	√
32	Sutin et al. (2020) [71]	√	√
33	Tkatch et al. (2020) [72]	√	√	√
34	Vanhove-Meriaux and Ferrand (2020) [73]	√	√	√
35	Lewis et al. (2020) [74]	√	√		√
36	Lopez et al. (2020) [75]	√	√	√
37	Matud et al. (2020) [76]	√	√	√	√
38	Bundick et al. (2021) [77]		√			√
39	Alfonso-Benlliure et al. (2021) [78]	√	√
40	Musich et al. (2021) [79]	√	√	√	√	√
41	Zhang and Chen (2021) [80]	√	√