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. 2022 May 23;19(10):6338. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19106338

Table 1.

General characteristics of the study participants by quartile of ultra-processed food intake.

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 p-Value *
Age (year) 14.51 ± 1.52 14.51 ± 1.57 14.53 ± 1.49 14.49 ± 1.55 0.99
Height (cm) 156.97 ± 5.92 156.89 ± 6.79 158.20 ± 6.01 157.58 ± 5.65 0.14
Percentile BMI (kg/m2) 51.60 ± 29.85 47.39 ± 27.93 45.05 ± 28.26 47.30 ± 29.43 0.17
Weight (kg) 53.92 ± 13.53 51.90 ± 10.50 52.44 ± 11.13 52.73 ± 11.78 0.41
Waist circumference (cm) 71.25 ± 9.99 69.96 ± 8.30 70.72 ± 8.68 70.08 ± 9.33 0.49
Waist-to-hip ratio 0.76 ± 0.06 0.76 ± 0.05 0.77 ± 0.07 0.76 ± 0.05 0.39
Metabolic equivalent for task (h/week) 45.09 ± 2.81 5.11 ± 3.26 54.60 ± 3.68 45.70 ± 3.91 0.19
Depression score 9.89 ± 9.04 11.23 ± 9.89 11.81 ± 9.31 10.75 ± 8.79 0.23
Insomnia score 6.55 ± 5.05 8.16 ± 6.25 7.80 ± 5.89 8.76 ± 5.28 0.06
Aggression score 78.96 ± 19.29 76.53 ± 19.95 77.48 ± 21.25 80.98 ± 20.81 0.17
Daytime sleepiness score 6.60 ± 3.86 7.41 ± 3.78 7.32 ± 3.60 7.07 ± 3.84 0.2
Quality of life score 42.67 ± 8.09 42.71 ± 8.02 41.34 ± 8.22 41.57 ± 7.54 0.22
Total cholesterol (mg) 163.22 ± 25.28 158.23 ± 31.61 162.56 ± 27.64 160.00 ± 28.49 0.37
Triglyceride (mg) 83.68 ± 38.61 84.37 ± 42.28 89.40 ± 40.45 83.00 ± 37.80 0.43
Low-density lipoprotein (mg) 100.61 ± 23.95 97.29 ± 26.84 102.88 ± 25.74 98.36 ± 25.71 0.2
High-density lipoprotein (mg) 47.67 ± 9.06 46.18 ± 8.42 47.43 ± 8.04 46.68 ± 9.00 0.38
Fast blood sugar (mg) 86.78 ± 10.77 85.30 ± 12.27 86.93 ± 12.66 85.88 ± 10.57 0.53
Aspartate aminotransferase (IU/L) 19.71 ± 5.67 20.09 ± 6.92 20.18 ± 6.58 19.31 ± 5.43 0.55
Alanine aminotransferase (IU/L) 11.74 ± 5.50 11.50 ± 7.15 12.08 ± 7.94 11.20 ± 6.18 0.68
Gamma-glutamyltransferase (IU/L) 14.04 ± 10.17 11.64 ± 7.13 12.54 ± 6.68 12.21 ± 9.19 0.21

BMI: body mass index. Values are means ± SDs. * Obtained from one-way ANOVA for continuous variables and chi-squared test for categorical variables.