Table 1.
NYHA I (n = 235) | NYHA IIA (n = 66) | NYHA IIB (n = 31) | I vs. IIA | I vs. IIB | IIA vs. IIB | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 13 (11.0–15.0) | 14 (11.8–15.0) | 13 (11.0–15.0) | 0.290 | ||
Gender (male %) | 163 (70) | 38 (57.6) | 19 (61.3) | 0.060 | 0.327 | 0.729 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 19.3 ± 3.4 | 19.7 ± 2.3 | 18.4 ± 3.7 | 1.000 | 0.521 | 0.258 |
BMI (percentiles) | 47.7 ± 29.7 | 49.3 ± 32.9 | 46.1 ± 32.2 | 0.933 | 0.955 | 0.881 |
Resting HR (bpm) | 67 (60–75) | 70 (63–81) | 74 (67–82) | 0.042 | 0.001 | 0.127 |
HR max (bpm) | 190 (181–196) | 176 (159–187) | 162 (139–181) | <0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.083 |
HR max (% of predicted) | 91 (87–94) | 86 (77–90) | 79 (67–87) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.054 |
HR Reserve (bpm) | 120 (111–130) | 105 (95–116) | 88 (67–99) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.023 |
Exercise time (min:sec) | 11:54 ± 1:46 | 10:25 ± 1:56 | 8:34 ± 2:14 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
METs max | 16.8 (15.3–17.8) | 13.9 (13.1–15.5) | 11.0 (10.0–12.7) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
VO2 peak (l/min) | 1.93 (1.55–2.46) | 1.58 (1.23–1.85) | 1.18 (0.91–1.44) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.001 |
VO2 peak (ml/kg/min) | 42.4 ± 7.8 | 31.9 ± 4.7 | 27.3 ± 5.0 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.010 |
OUES (n = 319) | 1848 (1554–2290) | 1479 (1276–1826) | 1057 (867–1399) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.001 |
PETCO2 at anaerobic threshold (mmHg) (n = 321) | 37.8 (35.4–39.9) | 33.5 (29.7–36.7) | 28.7 (26.3–34.7) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.079 |
VE/VCO2 at anaerobic threshold (n = 321) | 26.8 (24.7–29.2) | 31.0 (27.7–34.8) | 34.8 (28.0–40.5) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.129 |
VE/VCO2 at peak exercise (n = 321) | 31.4 (28–33.5) | 35.6 (28.9–42.1) | 37.3 (31.4 – 45.1) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.178 |
SpO2 at rest (%) (n = 329) | 100 (99–100) | 98 (96–100) | 98 (94–100) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.104 |
Peak SpO2 (%) (n = 322) | 98 (97–99) | 95 (91–98) | 93 (87–98) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.531 |
Table 1 shows the comparison of chronotropic response to exercise, functional and aerobic capacity, as well as cardiorespiratory efficiency, between adapted NYHA-CHD classes. HR, Heart Rate (maximal predicted HR: 220-years of age); HR Reserve, max-rest; METs max, maximum metabolic equivalents of task; VO2peak, peak oxygen consumption; OUES, oxygen uptake efficiency slope; PETCO2, partial pressure of end tidal CO2; VE/VCO2, ventilatory equivalent for CO2; SpO2, peripheral oxygen saturation. Mean value ± standard deviation or median with interquartile range (IQR) are shown when, respectively, normally or not-normally distributed.