Skip to main content
. 2022 May 12;19(10):5907. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19105907

Table 1.

Functional evaluation of patients with congenital heart disease in different NYHA classes.

NYHA I (n = 235) NYHA IIA (n = 66) NYHA IIB (n = 31) I vs. IIA I vs. IIB IIA vs. IIB
Age (years) 13 (11.0–15.0) 14 (11.8–15.0) 13 (11.0–15.0) 0.290
Gender (male %) 163 (70) 38 (57.6) 19 (61.3) 0.060 0.327 0.729
BMI (kg/m2) 19.3 ± 3.4 19.7 ± 2.3 18.4 ± 3.7 1.000 0.521 0.258
BMI (percentiles) 47.7 ± 29.7 49.3 ± 32.9 46.1 ± 32.2 0.933 0.955 0.881
Resting HR (bpm) 67 (60–75) 70 (63–81) 74 (67–82) 0.042 0.001 0.127
HR max (bpm) 190 (181–196) 176 (159–187) 162 (139–181) <0.001 < 0.001 0.083
HR max (% of predicted) 91 (87–94) 86 (77–90) 79 (67–87) <0.001 <0.001 0.054
HR Reserve (bpm) 120 (111–130) 105 (95–116) 88 (67–99) <0.001 <0.001 0.023
Exercise time (min:sec) 11:54 ± 1:46 10:25 ± 1:56 8:34 ± 2:14 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
METs max 16.8 (15.3–17.8) 13.9 (13.1–15.5) 11.0 (10.0–12.7) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
VO2 peak (l/min) 1.93 (1.55–2.46) 1.58 (1.23–1.85) 1.18 (0.91–1.44) <0.001 <0.001 0.001
VO2 peak (ml/kg/min) 42.4 ± 7.8 31.9 ± 4.7 27.3 ± 5.0 <0.001 <0.001 0.010
OUES (n = 319) 1848 (1554–2290) 1479 (1276–1826) 1057 (867–1399) <0.001 <0.001 0.001
PETCO2 at anaerobic threshold (mmHg) (n = 321) 37.8 (35.4–39.9) 33.5 (29.7–36.7) 28.7 (26.3–34.7) <0.001 <0.001 0.079
VE/VCO2 at anaerobic threshold (n = 321) 26.8 (24.7–29.2) 31.0 (27.7–34.8) 34.8 (28.0–40.5) <0.001 <0.001 0.129
VE/VCO2 at peak exercise (n = 321) 31.4 (28–33.5) 35.6 (28.9–42.1) 37.3 (31.4 – 45.1) <0.001 <0.001 0.178
SpO2 at rest (%) (n = 329) 100 (99–100) 98 (96–100) 98 (94–100) <0.001 <0.001 0.104
Peak SpO2 (%) (n = 322) 98 (97–99) 95 (91–98) 93 (87–98) <0.001 <0.001 0.531

Table 1 shows the comparison of chronotropic response to exercise, functional and aerobic capacity, as well as cardiorespiratory efficiency, between adapted NYHA-CHD classes. HR, Heart Rate (maximal predicted HR: 220-years of age); HR Reserve, max-rest; METs max, maximum metabolic equivalents of task; VO2peak, peak oxygen consumption; OUES, oxygen uptake efficiency slope; PETCO2, partial pressure of end tidal CO2; VE/VCO2, ventilatory equivalent for CO2; SpO2, peripheral oxygen saturation. Mean value ± standard deviation or median with interquartile range (IQR) are shown when, respectively, normally or not-normally distributed.