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The schematic representation of interchain junctions and the atomistic representation of (a) key interactions in carrageenan, (b) 1,4-β-galactan in RG-I, (c) pectin gels, and (d) in Infernan gel. In the schemes, cations are shown as red balls, side chains are given in green, the location of sulfate groups in Infernan is indicated by yellow semicircles. K+ in the complex with κ-carrageenan is shown in pink and Ca2+ in complex with pectin and Infernan is shown in violet.
