Table 3.
(a) Comparison of P. vivax short and long latency recurrent cases and primary cases linked to recurrence between rainy and dry seasons in Rosita, RACCN, Nicaragua (June 2015–November 2017); (b) Comparison of P. vivax short and long latency recurrent cases and primary cases linked to recurrence between rainy and dry seasons in Puerto Cabezas, RACCN, Nicaragua (December 2016–November 2018).
| (a) | ||||||
| Parameters | Season/Period | Statistics (Comparing All Groups) | ||||
| Rain | Dry | Rain | Dry | Rain | ||
| June–November 2015 | December 2015–May 2016 | June–November 2016 | December 2016–May 2017 | June–November 2017 | ||
| Number of P. vivax cases | 216 | 302 | 533 | 241 | 338 | χ2 = 9.6, p = 0.046 |
| Linked to recurrent patients (%) | 8.3 | 3.9 | 7 | 3 | 3.7 | |
| Number and latency of R1: |
χ2 = 11.04, p = 0.026 |
|||||
| n | 6 | 9 | 21 | 28 | 13 | |
| Short: 25–180 days (%) |
66.6 | 88.8 | 33.3 | 71.4 | 15.3 | |
| Long: 181–450 days (%) | 33.3 | 11.2 | 66.7 | 28.6 | 84.7 | |
| Statistics: | χ2 = 7.7, p = 0.005 | χ2 = 16.6, p < 0.0001 | ||||
| χ2 = 1.1, p = 0.69 | χ2 = 9.03, p = 0.007 | |||||
| (b) | ||||||
| Parameters | Season/Period | Statistics (Comparing All Groups) | ||||
| Dry | Rain | Dry | Rain | |||
| December 2016–May 2017 | June–November 2017 | December 2017–May 2018 | June–November 2018 | |||
| Number of P. vivax cases | 1439 | 4251 | 5062 | n.d. | χ2 = 76.7, p < 0.0001 | |
| Linked to recurrent patients (%) | 20 | 20 | 14 * | n.d. | ||
| Number and latency of R1: | χ2 = 211.8, p < 0.0001 | |||||
| n | 142 | 325 | 598 | 1111 | ||
| Short: 25–180 days (%) | 64.7 | 52.6 | 65 | 35 | ||
| Long: 181–450 days (%) | 35.3 | 47.4 | 35 | 65 | ||
| Statistics: | χ2 = 5.9, p = 0.014 | χ2 = 132.2, p < 0.0001 | ||||
| χ2 = 10.1, p = 0.001 | ||||||
For latency of R1, only significant differences between periods are indicated. For the period June–November 2018, the number of P. vivax cases linked to upcoming recurrent cases was not possible to determine (not determined = n.d.), information of recurrent cases for 2019 is not included. The number of recurrent cases was calculated for the same period as they were mostly linked to primary cases that occurred in 2017. * numbers might be underestimated as no information from 2019 was included in the analysis.