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. 2022 Apr 22;13(5):737. doi: 10.3390/genes13050737

Figure 2.

Figure 2

DSB repair via HR: (a) MRN complex binding with DSB ends, phosphorylation of CtIP and BRCA1 to activate MRN complex and inhibiting 53BP1; (b) long-range resection initiation via the EXO1 or BLM-DNA2 pathways, RPA covering of 3′-ssDNA tails, and KU inhibition; (c) RPA phosphorylation (pRPA) by ATR and CDK to negatively regulate resection; (d) replacement of pRPA with RAD51 mediated by BRCA2–DSS1 complex; (e) RAD51-nucleofilament formation; (f) RAD51AP1 and the TBPIP–MND1 complex stabilize RAD51-NF, PALB2 forms a complex with BRCA1, BRCA2, and DNA, and the BRAD1–BRCA1 complex in homology searching; (g) synaptic complex and D-loop formation; (h) DNA synthesis and D-loop extension; (i) D-loop dissociation and annealing via SDSA, in which newly synthesized DNA anneals with ssDNA tails or dHJ formation and dissolution into non-crossover products.