Table 4.

Placental MCs and Mϕs: Appearance, function, and biomolecules produced during different stages of pregnancy. Abbreviations: MC_C—mast cell chymase, MC_TC—mast cell tryptase-chymase [36,37,141,142].

Time	Phenotype	Function	Production	References
1st–2nd trimester	M1	Maternal–fetal tolerance	TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, IFN-γ, IL-18	[37]
1st–2nd trimester	M2	Maternal–fetal tolerance	IL-4, IL-10, VEGF, IGF, FN	[36]
2nd–3rd trimester	M2	Maternal–fetal tolerance	VEGF, IL-6, IL-10	[36]
End of pregnancy	M1	Favor labor, remove apoptotic cells	IL-6, IL-10, IL-1, TNF-α, IFN-γ	[36,37,141]
End of pregnancy	MC	Favor labor	Histamine	[142]